is exacerbated by finality (inhtitam). Likewise, here it is exacerbated by the cutting of the foot along with it, and it is not exacerbated by less than the threshold (nisab). As for the secure container (hirz), it is considered, for if they were to take abandoned property that has no one to protect it, the cutting would not be obligatory. If they take what reaches the threshold, but the share of each one of them does not reach a threshold, they are to be cut, according to the analogy of our opinion regarding theft. The analogy of the view of al-Shafi'i and the scholars of opinion (ashab al-ra'y) is that the cutting is not obligatory until the share of each one of them reaches a threshold. It is also stipulated that they have no ambiguity (shubha) regarding the wealth they take, according to what we mentioned regarding the stolen item.
1597 - Issue: He said: (And their exile is that they be driven away, and they shall not be allowed to settle in any land).
In summary, if the muharibun (those who wage war) terrorize the path and do not kill and do not take wealth, then they are to be exiled from the earth, because of the saying of Allah the Almighty: {or they be exiled from the land}. It is narrated from Ibn Abbas that the exile takes place in this situation, and this is the view of al-Nakha'i, Qatadah, and Ata' al-Khurasani. Exile is the driving away of them from the cities and lands, so they shall not be allowed to settle in any land. Something similar to this is narrated from al-Hasan and al-Zuhri. From Ibn Abbas, it is said that he is exiled from his land to another land, like the exile of the adulterer. A group of scholars held this view. Abu al-Zinad said: The place of exile for people used to be Badi', in the land of Abyssinia, and Dahlak, which is the farthest part of Tihamat al-Yaman. Malik said: He is to be imprisoned in the land to which he is exiled, like his view regarding the adulterer. Abu Hanifah said: His exile is his imprisonment until he manifests repentance. Something similar to this was said by al-Shafi'i, for he said regarding this situation: The Imam shall discipline (ta'zir) them, and if he sees fit to imprison them, he shall imprison them. It was also said regarding him: Exile is the Imam's pursuit of them in order to apply the hudud of Allah the Almighty upon them. This was narrated from Ibn Abbas. Ibn Surayj said: He shall imprison them in a land other than their own. This is similar to the view of Malik. They said:
(1) Surah al-Ma'idah: 33. (2) Badi': An island in the sea of Yemen. Mu'jam al-Buldan 1/471. (3) In M: "and that". It is an error. Dahlak: An island in the sea of Yemen, an anchorage between the lands of Yemen and Abyssinia, a narrow, difficult, and hot town. When the Umayyads were displeased with someone, they would exile him to it. Mu'jam al-Buldan 2/634. (4) Omitted from: M.
يُغَلَّظُ بالانْحِتامِ، كذلك ههُنا تَتَغَلَّظُ بِقَطْعِ الرِّجْلِ معها، ولا تَتَغَلَّظُ بما دونَ النِّصَابِ. وأمَّا الحِرْزُ فهو مُعْتَبَرٌ، فإنَّهم لو أخَذُوا مالًا مُضَيَّعًا لا حافِظَ له، لم يجبِ القَطْعُ. وإن أخذُوا ما يبْلُغُ نِصابًا ولا تَبْلُغُ حِصَّةُ كُلِّ واحدٍ منهم نصابًا، قُطِعُوا، على قياسِ قولِنا في السَّرِقَةِ. وقياسُ قولِ الشَّافِعِىُّ، وأصحابِ الرَّأْىِ، أنَّه لا يجِبُ القَطْعُ حتى تَبْلُغَ حِصَّةُ كَلِّ واحدٍ منهم نِصابًا. ويُشْتَرَطُ أيضًا أن لا تكونَ لهم شُبْهَةٌ فيما يأْخُذونَه من المالِ، على ما ذكرْنا في المسْروقِ.
١٥٩٧ - مسألة؛ قال: (وَنَفْيُهُمْ أنْ يُشَرَّدُوا، فَلَا يُتْرَكُوا يَأْوُونَ فِي بَلَدٍ)
وجملتُه أنَّ المُحارِبين إذا أخافُوا السَّبِيلَ، ولم يقتُلُوا، ولم يأخذُوا مالًا، فإنَّهم يُنْفَوْنَ من الأرضِ؛ لقولِ اللَّه تعالى: {أَوْ يُنْفَوْا مِنَ الْأَرْضِ} (١) ويُرْوَى عن ابن عباسٍ، أنَّ النَّفْىَ يكونُ في هذه الحالةِ، وهو قَوْلُ النَّخَعِىِّ، وقَتادَةَ، وعَطَاءٍ الخُراسَانِىِّ. والنَّفْىُ هو تَشْرِيدُهم عن الأمْصارِ والبُلْدانِ، فلا يُتْرَكُون يَأْوُونَ بلدًا. ويُرْوَى نحوُ هذا عن الحسنِ، والزُّهْرِىِّ. وعن ابن عباسٍ، أنَّه يُنْفَى من بلدِه إلى بلدٍ غيرِه، كنَفْى الزَّانِى. وبه قال طَائفةٌ من أهلِ العلمِ. قال أبو الزِّنَادِ: كان منفَى النَّاسِ إلى باضِعٍ (٢)، من أرضِ الحبشةِ، ودَهْلك (٣) أَقْصَى تِهامَةَ اليَمَنِ. وقال مالكٌ: يُحْبَسُ في البلدِ الذي يُنْفَى إليه، كقولِه في الزَّانِى. وقال أبو حنيفةَ: نَفْيُه حَبْسُه حتى يُحْدِثَ تَوْبةً. ونحوَ هذا قال الشَّافِعِىُّ، فإنه قال في هذه الحالِ: يُعَزِّرُهم الإِمامُ، وإن رأى أنْ يَحْبِسَهُم حبَسَهم. وقيل عنه: النَّفْىُ طلبُ الإِمام لهم لِيُقِيمَ فيهم حُدودَ اللَّه تعالى. ورُوِىَ ذلك عن ابنِ عباسٍ. وقال ابن سُرَيْجٍ: يَحْبِسُهم في غيرِ بلدِهم. وهذا مثلُ قولِ مالِكٍ. قالوا (٤):
(١) سورة المائدة ٣٣.(٢) باضع: جزيرة في بحر اليمن. معجم البلدان ١/ ٤٧١.(٣) في م: "وذلك". خطأ. ودهلك: جزيرة في بحر اليمن، مرسى بين بلاد اليمن والحبشة، بلدة ضيقة حرجة حارة، كان بنو أمية، إذا سخطوا على أحد نفوه إليها. معجم البلدان ٢/ ٦٣٤.(٤) سقط من: م.
