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Al-Mughni by Ibn Qudama - Edited by Al-Turki
Volume 12 · Page 492Section

Translation · EN

the limb that was required to be cut off in banditry, such as if the retaliation was required for his left hand after the obligation to cut off his right hand in banditry, then is the other hand to be cut off for banditry? There are two views, based on the two accounts regarding cutting the left hand of a thief after cutting his right; if we say: it is cut off there, it is cut off here, otherwise not. If he stole and took wealth in banditry, his right hand is cut off for whichever of them was earlier. If the banditry was earlier, his right hand and left foot are cut off in one sitting, and they are cauterized. Is his left hand to be cut off for the theft? There are two views; if we say: it is cut off, his recovery from the amputation for banditry is awaited, because they are two hadd punishments. If the theft was earlier, his right hand is cut off for the theft, and his foot is not cut off for the banditry until his hand heals. And is his left hand to be cut off for the banditry? There are two views.

Section: If he stole and killed in banditry, but did not take wealth, he is killed inevitably and is not crucified, and his hand is not cut off, because they are two hadd punishments involving killing, so the one lesser than killing is subsumed into it. He is not crucified, because crucifixion is a completion of the hadd of the highwayman when he takes wealth along with the killing, and that was not found. These are two hadd punishments, each one of which is separate from the other, so when they coincide, they overlap. If he killed a group in banditry, he is killed for the first one inevitably, and the diyah (blood money) is due to the guardians of the others, because his killing was necessitated by the killing of the first, and it became inevitable such that it cannot lapse, so the rights of the others are fixed as diyah, just as if he had died.

Section: If two upright witnesses testify against a man that he waylaid them and someone else, and took their property, their testimony is not accepted, because they have become adversaries to him due to his waylaying them. If they say: "We testify that this person waylaid so-and-so and took his property," their testimony is accepted, and the judge does not ask them: "Did he waylay you along with him or not?" because he does not ask them what they have not claimed against him. If the one for whom they testified returns and testifies against him that he waylaid him and took his property, his testimony is not accepted, because he has become an enemy to him by his waylaying him. If two witnesses testify that these people accosted us on the road and waylaid so-and-so, their testimony is accepted, because it was not established that they were adversaries by what they mentioned.

Notes

(47) In M: "shahadatuhum" (their testimony). (48) In B, M: "am" (or). (49) In the original: "mata'ahum" (their property).

Arabic (Source)

العُضْوِ الذي وجبَ قَطْعُه في المُحارَبةِ، مثل إنْ وجبَ عليه القِصاصُ في يَسارِه بعدَ وُجُوبِ قَطْعِ يُمْناه فى المُحارَبةِ، فهل تُقْطَعُ اليَدُ الأُخْرَى للمُحارَبةِ؟ على وَجْهَيْن؛ بِنَاءً على الرِّوايتَيْن في قَطْعِ يُسْرَى السَّارقِ بعدَ قَطْعِ يَمِينِه، إن قُلْنا: تُقْطَعُ ثَمَّ. قُطِعَتْ ههُنا، وإلَّا فلا. وإن سَرَقَ وأخذَ المالَ في المُحارَبةِ، قُطِعَتْ يَدُه اليُمْنَى لأسْبَقِهما، فإن كانت المُحارَبَةُ سابقةً، قُطِعَتْ يدُه اليُمْنَى ورِجْلُه اليُسْرَى في مَقامٍ واحدٍ، وحُسِمَتا. وهل تُقْطَعُ يُسْرَى يَدَيْه للسَّرقة؟ على الرِّوايتَيْن؛ فإن قُلْنَا: تُقْطَعُ. انْتُظِرَ بُرْؤُه من القَطْعِ للمُحارَبَةِ؛ لأنَّهما حَدَّانِ. وإن كانتِ السَّرِقةُ سابقةً، قُطِعَتْ يُمناه للسَّرِقةِ، ولا تُقْطَعُ رِجْلُه للمُحارَبةِ حتى تَبْرَأَ يدُه. وهل تُقْطَعُ يُسْرَى يدَيْهِ للمُحارَبة؟ على وَجْهَيْن.

فصل: وإن سرق وقتلَ في المُحاربةِ، ولم يأْخُذِ المالَ، قُتِلَ حَتْما، ولم يُصْلَبْ، ولم تُقْطَعْ يدُه؛ لأَنَّهما حَدَّانِ فيهما قَتْلٌ، فَدَخَلَ ما دونَ القتلِ فيه، ولم يُصْلَبْ؛ لأنَّ الصَّلْبَ من تَمامِ حَدِّ قاطِعِ الطَّريقِ إذا أخذَ المالَ مع القتلِ، ولم يُوجدْ، وهذان حَدَّان، كلُّ واحدٍ منهما مُنْفَصِلٌ عن صاحبِه، فإذا اجْتمَعا تَدَاخَلا وإن قَتَلَ في المُحارَبةِ جماعةً، قُتِلَ بالأوَّلِ حَتْما، وللباقين دِيَاتُ أوليائِهم؛ لأنَّ قَتْلَه اسْتُحِقَّ بقَتْلِ الأوَّلِ، وتحَتَّمَ بحيثُ لا يسْقُطُ، فتعَيَّنَتْ حقوقُ الباقِين في الدِّيَةِ، كما لو مات.

فصل: إذا شَهِدَ عَدْلانِ على رجلٍ أنَّه قطَعَ عليهما الطريقَ وعلى فلانٍ، وأخَذَ متاعَهم، لم تُقْبلْ شَهادتُهما (٤٧)؛ لأنَّهما صارا خَصْمَيْن له بقَطْعِه عليهما. وإن قالا: نَشهدُ أنَّ هذا قَطَعَ الطريقِ على فلانٍ، وأخذَ مَتاعَه. قُبِلَتْ شهادتُهما، ولم يسْأَلْهُما الحاكمُ: هل قَطَعَ عليكما معه أو (٤٨) لا؟ لأنَّه لا يسْألهُما ما لم يَدَّعِ عليهما. وإن عادَ المشهودُ له، فشَهِد عليه أنَّه قطعَ عليهما الطريقَ، وأخذَ متاعَهما (٤٩)، لم تُقْبَلْ شهادتُه؛ لأنَّه صارَ عَدوًّا له بقطْعِه الطريقَ عليه. وإنْ شَهِدَ شاهدان أنَّ هؤلاءِ عَرَضُوا لنا في الطريقِ، وقَطَعُوها على فلانٍ، قُبِلَتْ شهادتُهما؛ لأنَّه لم يثْبُتْ كَوْنُهما خَصْمَيْن بما ذكَرَاه.

Notes

(٤٧) في م: "شهادتهم".(٤٨) في ب، م: "أم"(٤٩) في الأصل: "متاعهم".

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