Book of Beverages (al-Ashriba)

Wine (khamr) is forbidden by the Book (Quran), the Sunnah, and consensus (ijma'). As for the Book, it is the saying of Allah, the Exalted: "O you who have believed, indeed, intoxicants, gambling, [sacrificing on] stone alters [to other than Allah], and divining arrows are but defilement from the work of Satan, so avoid it." up to His saying: "So will you not be deterred?" (1). As for the Sunnah, it is the saying of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him: "Every intoxicant is wine, and every wine is forbidden." Narrated by Abu Dawud and Imam Ahmad (2). Abdullah ibn Umar narrated that the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: "Allah has cursed wine, its drinker, its server, its seller, its buyer, the one who presses it, the one for whom it is pressed, its carrier, and the one to whom it is carried." Narrated by Abu Dawud (3). It is established from the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, through reports that reach the rank of tawatur (successive transmission) in their entirety, that wine is forbidden, and the Ummah has reached consensus on its prohibition. It was only narrated that Qudamah ibn Maz'un, Amr ibn Ma'dikarib, and Abu Jandal ibn Suhayl (4) said: It is lawful, based on the saying of Allah the Exalted: "There is no blame upon those who believe and do righteousness for what they have consumed [in the past]" (5) the verse. So the scholars of the Companions explained to them the meaning of this verse and the prohibition of wine, and they applied the hadd (prescribed punishment) upon them for drinking it (6),