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Al-Mughni by Ibn Qudama - Edited by Al-Turki
Volume 12 · Page 537Section

Translation · EN

for a need, and the mere act of entering, which is witnessed, does not necessitate his blood being unavenged. If two men wound each other, and each of them claims, "I wounded him in self-defense," each of them shall take an oath to invalidate the other's claim, and each is liable for what he wounded, because each of them is a claimant against the other for something the other denies, and the principle is its non-occurrence.

Section: If a man bites the hand of another, the latter has the right to pull it from his mouth. If he pulls it and the biter's front teeth fall out, there is no liability for them. This is the opinion of Abu Hanifa and al-Shafi'i. Sa'id narrated from Hushaym, from Muhammad ibn Abd Allah, that a man bit another, so he snatched his hand from his mouth, causing some of the biter's teeth to fall out. They brought the dispute to Shurayh, and Shurayh said: "Remove your hand from the mouth of the beast, and ignore his teeth." It is narrated from Malik and Ibn Abi Layla that there is liability, due to the Prophet's (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) statement: "For a tooth, there are five camels." Our evidence is what Ya'la ibn Umayya narrated: "I had a hired hand, and he fought with a man; one of them bit the hand of the other. The one who was bitten snatched his hand from the mouth of the biter, and one of his front teeth was extracted. He came to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), [who declared his front tooth unavenged, and I believe he said: The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said:] 'Would he leave his hand in your mouth for you to gnaw it as a stallion gnaws?'" This is agreed upon. It is also because this is an organ lost due to the necessity of repelling the harm of its owner, so it is not subject to liability, just as if someone attacked him and he could not repel him except by cutting off his limb. Their report refers to the blood money for a tooth if it is extracted unjustly, and this was not extracted unjustly, and it is the same

Notes

(32) In M: "wa-idda'a" (and he claimed). (33) Its attribution was mentioned previously, on page 131. (34) Omitted from: B. (35) Reported by al-Bukhari, in: The Chapter on the Hired Worker in Military Campaigns, from the Book of Hiring (Ijarah), and in: The Chapter on the Hired Worker, from the Book of Jihad and Expeditions (Siyar), and in: The Chapter on If One Bites a Man and His Front Teeth Fall Out, from the Book of Blood Money (Diyat). Sahih al-Bukhari 3/116, 117, 4/65, 9/9. And Muslim, in: The Chapter on the Attacker Against a Person's Life or Limb... from the Book of Qasama (Oath). Sahih Muslim 3/1301. It was also reported by al-Nasa'i, in: The Chapter on a Man Defending Himself, and The Chapter on Mentioning the Disagreement regarding 'Ata'... from the Book of Qasama. Al-Mujtaba 8/26, 27, 28. And Ibn Majah, in: The Chapter on Whoever Bites a Man and He Pulls His Hand Away and His Teeth Fall Out, from the Book of Blood Money. Sunan Ibn Majah 2/886, 887. And Imam Ahmad, in: Al-Musnad 4/222, 224, 428, 430.

Arabic (Source)

لحاجَةٍ، ومُجَرَّدُ الدُّخُولِ المشْهودِ به لا يُوجِبُ إهْدارَ دَمِه. وإن تجارحَ رَجُلَانِ، وذكَر (٣٢) كَلُّ واحِدٍ منهما أنِّى جَرَحْتُه دَفْعًا عن نفسِى. حَلَفَ كُلُّ واحدٍ منهما على إبْطالِ دَعْوَى صاحِبِه، وعليه ضَمَانُ ما جَرَحَه؛ لأنَّ كُلَّ واحِدٍ منهما مُدَّعٍ على الآخرِ ما يُنْكِرُه، والأصلُ عَدَمُه.

فصل: ولو عَضَّ رَجُلٌ يدَ آخَرَ، فله جَذْبُها من فِيهِ، فإن جَذَبَها فوَقَعَتْ ثَنايَا العاضِّ، فلا ضَمانَ فيها. وبهذا قال أبو حنيفةَ، والشَّافِعِىُّ, ورَوَى سعيدٌ, عن هُشَيْمٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه أنَّ رجلًا عَضَّ رجلًا، فانْتَزعَ يدَهُ من فيهِ، فسقطَ بعضُ أسْنانِ العاضِّ، فاختَصَما إلى شُرَيْحٍ، فقالَ شُرَيْحٌ: انْزَعْ يدَك مِن فِي السَّبُعِ، وأبْطِلْ أسْنانَه. وحُكِىَ عن مالِكٍ، وابنِ أبي ليلى، عليه الضَّمانُ؛ لقولِ النَّبِيِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "فِي السِّنِّ خَمْسٌ مِنَ الإِبِلِ" (٣٣). ولَنا، ما روَى يَعْلَى بنُ أُمَيَّةَ قال: كان لي أجيرٌ، فقاتَلَ إنسانًا، فعَضَّ أحدُهما يدَ الآخَرِ، قال: فانتزَعَ المعْضُوضُ يدَه من فِي العاضِّ، فانْتزَعَ إحْدَى ثَنِيَّتَيْه، فأتَى النَّبِىَّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-، [فأهْدَرَ ثَنِيَّتَه، فَحَسِبْتُ أنَّه قال: قال النَّبِىُّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-] (٣٤): "أَفَيَدَعُ يَدَه في فِيكَ تَقْضَمُها قَضْمَ الفَحْلِ! ". مُتَّفَقٌ عليه (٣٥). ولأنَّه عُضْوٌ تَلِفَ ضَرُورةَ دَفْعِ شرِّ صاحِبِه، فلم يُضْمَنْ، كما لو صالَ عليه، فلم يُمْكِنْه دَفْعُه إلَّا بقَطْعِ عُضْوِه. وحديثُهم يَدُلُّ على دِيَةِ السِّنِّ إذا قُلِعَتْ ظُلْمًا، وهذه لم تُقْلَعْ ظُلْمًا، وسَواءٌ

Notes

(٣٢) في م: "وادعى".(٣٣) تقدم تخريجه، في صفحة ١٣١.(٣٤) سقط من: ب. نقل نظر.(٣٥) أخرجه البخاري، في: باب الأجير في الغزو، من كتاب الإِجارة، وفى: باب الأجير، من كتاب الجهاد والسير، وفى: باب إذا عض رجلا فوقعت ثناياه، من كتاب الديات. صحيح البخاري ٣/ ١١٦، ١١٧، ٤/ ٦٥، ٩/ ٩. ومسلم، في: باب الصائل على نفس الإنسان أو عضوه. . ., من كتاب القسامة. صحيح مسلم ٣/ ١٣٠١.كما أخرجه النسائي، في: باب الرجل يدفع عن نفسه، وباب ذكر الاختلاف على عطاء. . ., من كتاب القسامة. المجتبى ٨/ ٢٦، ٢٧، ٢٨. وابن ماجه، في: باب من عضّ رجلا فنزع يده فندر ثناياه، من كتاب الديات. سنن ابن ماجه ٢/ ٨٨٦، ٨٨٧. والإِمام أحمد، في: المسند ٤/ ٢٢٢، ٢٢٤، ٤٢٨، ٤٣٠.

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