the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him): "The 'ajma' (the animal/mute beast) is jubar (uncompensated)." And because it is an injury caused by an animal, he is not liable for it, just as if his hand were not upon it. As for us, we rely on the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him): "The leg is jubar (uncompensated)." This was recorded by Sa'id with his chain of narration from Huzayl ibn Shurahbil, from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), [and it was also narrated from Abu Hurayrah, from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)]. The specific mention of the leg as being jubar is proof that liability is required for injuries caused by other parts. Furthermore, he is capable of preventing it from causing injury when he is riding it or his hand is upon it, unlike one who has no control over it; thus, the hadith [about the leg being jubar] is interpreted as applying to someone who has no control over it.
1614 - Issue: He said: (And whatever it injures with its leg, he is not liable for it.)
Abu Hanifah held this view. There is another narration from Ahmad that he is liable for it. This is the opinion of Shurayh and al-Shafi'i; because it is an injury from an animal he has control over, he is liable for it, just like an injury from its hand. As for us, we rely on the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him): "The leg is jubar (uncompensated)." Also, he is unable to prevent its leg from causing injury, so he is not liable for it, just as if his hand were not upon it. However, if the injury was due to his own action, such as if he pulled its rein back, or struck it in its face, and similar actions, he is liable for the injury caused by its leg; because he is the cause of its injury, so the liability is upon him. If someone else was the cause of its injury, such as if he poked it or startled it, then the liability is upon the person who did that, not its rider, driver, or leader; because that [action] is the cause of its injury.
Section: If there are two riders on the animal, the liability is upon the first of them; because he is the one managing it and is capable of restraining it, unless the first of them is a minor, a sick person, or similar, and
(1) Its authentication was previously provided in 4/231, 232. (2) It is not found in what was published from the Sunan of Sa'id. (3) Omitted from B. Look for the narration. It was also recorded from Abu Hurayrah by Abu Dawud, in the chapter: "Regarding an animal that strikes with its leg," from the Book of Blood Money (al-Diyat). Sunan Abi Dawud 2/502. And by al-Daraqutni, in: Book of Hudud and Blood Money. Sunan al-Daraqutni 3/152. (1) Its authentication was previously provided in the preceding issue.
النَّبِيِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "العَجْمَاءُ جَرْحُها جُبَارٌ" (١). ولأنَّه جِنايةُ بَهِيمةٍ، فلم يَضْمَنْها، كما لو لم تكُنْ يدُه عليها. ولَنا، قولُ النَّبِيِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "الرِّجْلُ جُبَارٌ". رواه سعيدٌ (٢)، بإسْنادِه عن هُزَيْلِ بنِ شُرَحْبِيل، عن النَّبِيِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-، [ورُوِىَ عن أبي هُرَيْرَةَ، عن النَّبى -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-] (٣). وتَخْصِيصُ الرِّجْلِ بكَوْنِه جُبَارًا، دليلٌ على وُجُوبِ الضَّمَانِ في جِنَايَةِ غيرِها، ولأنَّه يُمْكِنُه حِفْظُها عن الجنايَةِ إذا كانَ راكِبَها، أو يدُه عليها، بخلافِ مَنْ لا يَدَ له عليها، وحديثُه محمولٌ على مَن لا يَدَ له عليها.
١٦١٤ - مسألة؛ قال: (وَمَا جَنَتْ بِرِجْلِهَا، فَلَا ضَمَانَ عَلَيْهِ)
وبهذا قال أبو حنيفةَ. وعن أحمدَ، روايةٌ أُخْرَى، أنَّه يَضْمَنُها. وهو قولُ شُرَيْحٍ، والشَّافِعِىِّ؛ لأنَّه من جِنَايةِ بَهِيمةٍ، يدُه عليها، فَيَضمَنُها، كجِنَاية يَدِه. ولَنا، قولُ النَّبِيِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "الرِّجْلُ جُبَارٌ" (١). ولأنَّه لا يُمْكِنُه حِفْظُ رِجْلِها عن الجنايَةِ، فلم يَضْمَنْها، كما لو لم تَكُنْ يَدُه عليها. فأمَّا إن كانَتْ جنايتُها بفِعْلِه، مثل أنْ كَبَحَها بِلِجَامِها، أو ضَرَبَها في وَجْهِهَا، ونحو ذلك، ضَمِنَ جِنايةَ رِجْلِها؛ لأنَّه السَّبَبُ في جنَايتِها، فكان ضَمانُها عليه، ولو كان السَّبَبَ في جنايتِها غيرُه، مثل أن نَخَسَها، أو نَفَّرَها، فالضَّمَانُ على مَنْ فَعَلَ ذلك، دونَ راكبِها وسائقِها وقائدِها؛ لأنَّ ذلك هو السَّببُ في جِنَايتِها.
فصل: فإن كان على الدَّابَّةِ راكبان، فالضَّمانُ على الأوَّلِ منهما؛ لأنَّه المتَصَرِّفُ فيها، القادِرُ على كَفِّها، إلَّا أن يكونَ الأوَّلُ منهما صغيرًا أو مَرِيضًا أو نحوَهما، ويكونَ
(١) تقدم تخريجه، في: ٤/ ٢٣١، ٢٣٢.(٢) ليس فيما نشر من سنن سعيد.(٣) سقط من: ب. نقل نظر.وأخرجه عن أبي هريرة أبو داود، في: باب في الدابة تنفح برجلها، من كتاب الديات. سنن أبي داود ٢/ ٥٠٢. والدارقطني، في: كتاب الحدود والديات. سنن الدارقطني ٣/ ١٥٢.(١) تقدم تخريجه في المسألة السابقة.
