1617 - Issue: He said: (And if two people who are walking collide, and they die, then upon the 'aqila (tribal solidarity group) of each of them is the blood money of the other.)
This is narrated from Ali, may Allah be pleased with him. The disagreement here regarding liability is like the disagreement regarding when two riders collide, except that there is no offsetting (taqassa) here regarding the liability, because it is upon other than the one who holds the right, since the liability is upon the 'aqila of each of them. If it happens that the liability is upon the one who holds the right—such as if the 'aqila happens to be the heirs, or the liability is upon the two colliding individuals themselves—they offset each other. Retaliation (qisas) is not mandatory, whether their collision was intentional or by mistake, because a collision does not typically cause death, so the killing resulting from it, even if intentional, is considered 'intentional error' (amd al-khata'). There is no difference between two sighted persons, two blind persons, or a sighted person and a blind person. If they are two pregnant women, they are like two men. If each of them miscarries a fetus, then upon each of them is half the liability for her own fetus and half the liability for the fetus of her companion, because they shared in killing it. Upon each of them is the emancipation of three slaves: one for killing her companion, and two for her participation in the (death of the) fetus. If one of them miscarries and the other does not, they share in the liability for it, and upon each of them is the emancipation of two slaves. If they both miscarry at the same time, but the two women do not die, then in the wealth of each of them is the liability for half of the two fetuses as a ghurra (compensation payment), if they were miscarried dead, and the emancipation of two slaves. If a rider and a walker collide, it is as if they were both walkers. If two riders collide and they die, it is as if they were two walkers.
Section: If two slaves collide and die, their value is uncompensated (hadarat), because the value of each of them became attached to the person of the other, so it lapsed due to its destruction. If one of them dies, his value becomes attached to the person of the living one, and if he (the survivor) perishes before the value is satisfied, it lapses due to the passing of its subject. If a free person and a slave collide and they die,
(1) Omitted from: Al-Asl, B. (2) Related by Abd al-Razzaq, in: Chapter of the two who kill each other... from the Book of Blood Money (Kitab al-'Uqul), Al-Musannaf 10/54. And Ibn Abi Shaybah, in: Chapter of the man who collides with a man, from the Book of Blood Money (Kitab al-Diyat), Al-Musannaf 9/332. (3) In the original: "hamilayn" (two carrying [masculine]).
١٦١٧ - مسألة؛ قال: (وَإنْ تَصَادَمَ نَفْسَانِ يَمْشِيانِ، فَماتَا، فَعَلَى عَاقِلَةِ (١) كُلِّ واحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا دِيَةُ الْآخَرِ)
رُوِىَ هذا عن عليٍّ، رَضِىَ اللَّه عنه (٢). والخلافُ ههُنا في الضَّمَانِ، كالخلافِ فيما إذا اصْطَدَمَ الفارِسانِ، إلَّا أنَّه لا تَقَاصَّ ههُنا في الضَّمانِ؛ لأنَّه على غَيْرِ مَن له الحَقُّ؛ لِكَوْنِ الضَّمَانِ على عَاقِلَةِ كُلِّ واحِدٍ منهما. وإنِ اتُّفِقَ أن يكونَ الضَّمَانُ على مَن له الحَقُّ، مثلَ أن تكونَ العاقِلَةُ هي الوارِثَةَ، أو يكونَ الضَّمَانُ على المُتصَادِمَيْنِ، تَقَاصَّا. ولا يجبُ القِصَاصُ، سواءٌ كان اصْطِدامُهما عَمْدًا أو خَطأً؛ لأنَّ الصَّدْمَةَ لا تَقْتُلْ غالِبًا، فالقَتْلُ الحاصِلُ بها مع العَمْدِ عَمْدُ الخَطَإِ. ولا فَرْقَ بينَ البَصِيرَيْنِ والأعْمَيَيْنِ، والبَصِيرِ والأَعْمَى، فإن كانتا امْرأتَيْن حامِلَتَيْن (٣)، فهما كالرَّجُلين، فإن أسْقَطَتْ كلُّ واحِدَةٍ منهما جَنِينًا، فعلى كلِّ واحِدَةٍ نِصْفُ ضَمانِ جَنِينِها ونصفُ ضَمانِ جَنِينِ صاحِبَتِها؛ لأنَّهما اشْتركَتَا في قَتْلِه، وعلى كُلِّ، واحِدَةٍ منهما عِتْقُ ثلاثِ رِقَابٍ؛ واحِدَةٌ لقتلِ صاحِبَتِها، واثْنَتانِ لمُشاركَتِها في الْجَنِينِ. وإن أَسْقَطَتْ إحْداهما دونَ الأخْرَى، اشْتَرَكَتَا في ضَمانِه، وعلى كُلِّ واحِدَةٍ عِتْقُ رقَبتَيْن. وإن أَسْقَطَتَا معًا، ولم تَمُتِ المرأتانِ، ففى مالِ كلِّ واحِدَةٍ ضَمانُ نِصْفِ الجَنِينَيْن بغُرَّةٍ، إذا سَقَطَا مَيِّتَيْنِ، وعِتْقُ رَقَبَتَيْن. وإن اصْطَدَمَ راكبٌ وماشٍ، فهو كما لو كانا ماشِيَيْن. وإن اصْطَدَمَ راكبانِ فماتا، فهو كما لو كانا مَاشِيَيْن.
فصل: وإن اصْطَدَمَ عَبْدانِ فماتا، هُدِرَتْ قِيمتُهما؛ لأنَّ قيمةَ كُلِّ واحِدٍ منهما تَعَلَّقَتْ برَقَبةِ الآخَرِ، فسَقَطَتْ بِتَلَفِه. وإن ماتَ أحدُهما، تَعَلَّقَتْ قيمتُه برَقبةِ الحَىِّ، فإن هَلَكَ قبلَ اسْتيفاءِ القيمةِ، سَقَطَتْ لفَواتِ مَحَلِّها. وإن تصادمَ حُرٌّ وعَبْدٌ، فماتا
(١) سقط من: الأصل، ب.(٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق، في: باب المقتتلان. . ., من كتاب العقول. المصنف ١٠/ ٥٤. وابن أبي شيبة، في: باب الرجل يصدم الرجل، من كتاب الديات. المصنف ٩/ ٣٣٢.(٣) في الأصل: "حاملين".
