it is stipulated that he must possess the provisions (zad) and the support for his family during the period of his absence, and a weapon with which to fight. A riding beast (rahila) is not considered [a condition] because it is a short journey. If the distance is one where prayer is shortened, then the riding beast is also considered, due to the saying of Allah the Exalted: {Nor [is there blame] on those who, when they came to you that you might give them mounts, you said, "I can find nothing to mount you upon." They turned back, and their eyes overflowed with tears out of grief that they could not find something to spend [for the cause of Allah]} (23).
Section: The minimum [frequency for Jihad] is once every year, because the Jizyah (poll tax) is mandatory upon the people of the Dhimmah (protected non-Muslim subjects) every year, and it is a substitute for military aid (nusrah), so its substitute, which is Jihad, must likewise be performed once every year, unless there is an excuse. Examples of this include the Muslims being weak in numbers or equipment, or [awaiting reinforcements] (24) to assist them, or the road to them being blocked, or there being no fodder or water, or knowing that the enemy has a favorable view of Islam such that there is hope for their conversion if fighting is delayed, or other similar circumstances where one perceives that the public interest lies in refraining from fighting. It is permissible to abandon it for a truce [or without a truce] (25), for the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) made a truce with the Quraysh for ten years and delayed fighting them until they breached his covenant (26), and he delayed fighting certain Arab tribes without a truce. If the need arises for fighting more than once in a year, it becomes mandatory, because it is a communal obligation (fard kifayah), so it becomes obligatory to the extent that the need requires.
1620 - Issue; He said: (Abu Abd Allah said: I do not know of any act after the obligatory ones that is better than Jihad.)
A group of his companions narrated this issue from Ahmad. Al-Athram said: Ahmad said: We do not know of any of the gates of righteousness that is better than the way [of Jihad]. Al-Fadl ibn Ziyad said: I heard Abu Abd Allah, and the matter of military expedition (ghazw) (1) was mentioned to him, so he began to weep and said: There is no act of righteousness better than it. Others also narrated from him:
(23) Surah At-Tawbah, 92. (24) In [A] and [M]: "awaiting reinforcements". (25) Omitted from: Al-Asl, [M]. (26) See what Al-Waqidi mentioned in Al-Maghazi 2/611, 780. (1) In [M]: "the enemy".
اشْتُرِطَ أن يكونَ واجِدًا للزَّادِ، ونَفَقةِ عائلتِه في مُدَّةِ غيبتهِ، وسلاحٍ يُقَاتِلُ به، ولا تُعْتَبَرُ الرّاحِلَةُ؛ لأنَّه سَفَرٌ قريبٌ. وإن كانتِ المسافةُ تُقْصَرُ فيها الصَّلَاةُ، اعْتُبِرَ مع ذلك الرَّاحِلَةُ؛ لقولِ اللَّه تعالى: {وَلَا عَلَى الَّذِينَ إِذَا مَا أَتَوْكَ لِتَحْمِلَهُمْ قُلْتَ لَا أَجِدُ مَا أَحْمِلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ تَوَلَّوْا وَأَعْيُنُهُمْ تَفِيضُ مِنَ الدَّمْعِ حَزَنًا أَلَّا يَجِدُوا مَا يُنْفِقُونَ} (٢٣).
فصل: وأقل ما يُفْعَلُ مَرَّةً في كلِّ عامٍ؛ لأنَّ الجِزْيَةَ تجبُ على أهلِ الذِّمَّةِ في كلِّ عامٍ، وهى بَدَلٌ عن النُّصْرَةِ، فكذلك مُبْدَلُها وهو الجِهادُ، فيجبُ في كلِّ عامٍ مرَّةً، إلَّا من عُذْرٍ، مثل أن يكونَ بالمسلمين ضَعْفٌ في عددٍ أو عُدَّةٍ، أو يكونَ [مُنْتَظِرًا لِمَدَدٍ] (٢٤) يَسْتَعِينُ به، أو يكونَ الطَّريقُ إليهم فيها مانِعٌ أو ليس فيها عَلَفٌ أو ماءٌ، أو يَعْلَمَ مِنْ عَدُوِّه حُسْنَ الرَّأْى في الإِسلامِ، فيَطْمَعَ في إسْلامِهم إن أخَّرَ قتالَهم، ونحوَ ذلك مِمَّا يرى المصلحةَ معه في تَرْكِ القتالِ، فيجوزُ تركُه بِهُدْنَةٍ [وبغيرِ هُدْنَةٍ] (٢٥) فإنَّ النَّبِيَّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- قد صَالَحَ قُريْشًا عشرَ سنينَ، وأخَّرَ قتالَهم حتى نَقَضُوا عَهْدَه (٢٦)، وأخَّرَ قتالَ قبائلَ من العربِ بغيرِ هُدْنَةٍ. وإن دَعَتِ الحاجةُ إلى القتالِ في عامٍ أكثرَ من مَرَّةٍ، وجبَ ذلك؛ لأنَّه فَرْضُ كِفَايةٍ، فوجبَ منه ما دَعَتِ الحاجةُ إليه.
١٦٢٠ - مسألة؛ قال: (قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ: لَا أعْلَمُ شيئًا مِنَ العَمَلِ بعدَ الفَرَائِضِ أفْضَلَ مِن الْجِهَادِ)
رَوَى هذه المسألةَ عن أحمدَ جماعَةٌ من أصحابِه، قالَ الأثْرَمُ: قال أحمدُ: لا نعلمُ شيئًا من أبوابِ البرِّ أفْضلَ من السَّبِيلِ. وقال الفضلُ بنُ زيادٍ: سمعتُ أبا عبدِ اللهِ، وذُكِرَ له أمْرُ الغَزْوِ (١)؟ فجعلَ يبكى، ويقول: ما مِنْ أعْمالِ البِرِّ أفضلُ منه. وقال عنه غيرُه:
(٢٣) سورة التوبة ٩٢.(٢٤) في أ، م: "ينتظر المدد".(٢٥) سقط من: الأصل، م.(٢٦) انظر ما ذكره الواقدى، في المغازى ٢/ ٦١١، ٧٨٠.(١) في م: "العدو".