he said: "I only stopped because of your call." Then he is safe, and if he does not claim that, it is not accepted. It is possible that this is not a security, because its wording does not imply it, and it is used for intimidation and frightening, so it is not a security, like his saying: "I will surely kill you." However, it is referred back to the speaker; if he says: "I intended security by it," then it is a security. If he says: "I did not intend security for him," we examine the disbeliever; if he says: "I believed it to be a security," he is returned to his place of safety, and it is not permissible to kill him. If he did not believe it to be a security, then it is not a security, just as if he gestured to them with something they believed to be a security.
Section: If a Muslim gestures to them with something they regard as security, and says: "I intended security by it," then it is a security. If he says: "I did not intend security by it," then the statement is his statement, because he is the most knowledgeable of his own intention. If the disbelievers come out of their fortress based on this gesture, it is not permissible to kill them, but they shall be returned to their place of safety. Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, said: "By Allah, if one of you were to point with his finger to the sky at a polytheist, and he descended based on your security, then you killed him, I would kill you in return for him." Narrated by Sa'id. If the Muslim dies or is absent, they are returned to their place of safety. This is the position held by Malik, al-Shafi'i, and Ibn al-Mundhir. If it is said: How did you validate security through a gesture, despite the ability to speak, unlike in sales, divorce, and emancipation? We say: To prioritize the preservation of blood, just as the blood of one who has a semblance of a covenant is preserved, to prioritize the preservation of his blood; and because the disbelievers, in most cases, do not understand the speech of the Muslims, and the Muslims do not understand their speech, so the need arose for communication through gesture, unlike other matters.
Section: If a disbelieving woman is captured, and her relative comes seeking her, and says: "I have a Muslim prisoner with me, so release her until I bring him." The Imam says: "Bring him." So he brings him, then her release becomes binding, because
(11) In (B): "aman" [security]. (12) In (A) and (B): "musta'mal" [used]. (13) In (A) and (M): "li-qawlihi" [because of his saying]. (14) In (A) there is an addition: "bihi" [by it]. (15) "Qad" is omitted from (M). (16) In: The Chapter on Signaling to the Polytheists and Fulfilling the Covenant, from the Book of Sunan 2/229. (17) Omitted from (M). (18) In (M): "ibniha" [her son].
قال: إنَّما وَقَفْتُ لِنِدَائِك. فهو آمِنٌ (١١)، وإن لم يَدَّعِ ذلك فلا يُقْبَلُ. ويَحْتَمِلُ أَنَّ هذا ليس بأَمانٍ؛ لأنَّ لَفْظَه لا يُشْعِرُ به، وهو يُسْتَعْمَلُ (١٢) للإِرْهابِ والتَّخْوِيفِ، فلم يكُنْ أمانًا، كقولِه (١٣): لأَقْتُلَنَّكَ. لكن يُرْجَعُ إلى القائِلِ، فإنْ قال: نَوَيْتُ به الأمانَ. فهو أمانٌ، وإن قال: لم أُرِدْ (١٤) أمَّانَه. نَظَرْنا فى الكافِرِ، فإنْ قال: اعْتَقَدْتُه أمانًا. رُدَّ إلى مَأْمَنِه، ولم يجُزْ قَتْلُه، وإِنْ لم يَعْتَقِدْه أمانًا فليس بأمانٍ، كما لو أشارَ إليهم بما اعْتَقَدُوه أمانًا.
فصل: فإنْ أشارَ المسلمُ إليهم بما يَرْوَنَه أمانًا، وقال: أرَدْتُ به الأمانَ. فهو أمانٌ، وإِنْ قال: لم أُرِدْ به الأَمانَ. فالقَوْلُ قولُه؛ لأنَّه أَعلَمُ بِنِيَّتِه. فإنْ خَرَجَ الكُفّارُ من حِصْنِهِم بِناءً على هذه الإِشارَةِ، لم يجُزْ قَتْلُهُم، ولكنْ يُرَدُّون إلى مَأْمَنِهم. وقد (١٥) قال عمرُ، رَضِىَ اللَّهُ عنه: واللَّهِ لو أَنَّ أحَدَكُم أشارَ بإِصْبَعهِ إلى السماءِ إلى مُشْرِكٍ، فنزلَ بأمانِه، فقَتَلَه، لقَتَلْتُه بِه. رواه سعيدٌ (١٦). وإِنْ ماتَ المسلمُ أو غابَ، فإنَّهم يُرَدُّون إلى مَأْمَنِهم. وبهذا قال مالكٌ، والشافِعِىُّ، وابنُ المُنْذِرِ. فإنْ قيل: فكيفَ صَحَّحْتُم الأمانَ بالإِشارَةِ، مع القُدْرَةِ على النُّطْقِ، بخلافِ البَيْعِ والطَّلاقِ والعِتْقِ؟ قُلْنا: تَغْلِيبًا لحَقْنِ الدَّمِ، كما حُقِنَ دَمُ مَن (١٧) له شُبْهةُ كتابٍ، تَغْلِيبًا لحَقْنِ دَمِه، ولأنَّ الكُفَّارَ فى الغالِبِ لا يَفْهَمُون كلامَ المسلمين، والمسلمون لا يَفْهَمُون كلامَهُم، فدَعَت الحاجَةُ إلى التَّكْليمِ بالإِشارَةِ، بخلافِ غيرِه.
فصل: إذا سُبِيَت كافِرَةٌ، فجاءَ قَرابَتُها (١٨) يَطْلُبُها، وقال: إنَّ عِنْدِى أسيرًا مُسْلِمًا، فأطْلِقُوها حَتّى أُحْضِرَه. فقال الإِمامُ: أَحْضِرْهُ. فأَحْضَرَهُ، لَزِمَ إِطْلاقُها؛ لأنَّ
(١١) فى ب: "أمان".(١٢) فى أ، ب: "مستعمل".(١٣) فى أ، م: "لقوله".(١٤) فى أزيادة: "به".(١٥) سقطت "قد" من: م.(١٦) فى: باب الإشارة إلى المشركين والوفاء بالعهد، من كتاب السنن ٢/ ٢٢٩.(١٧) سقط من: م.(١٨) فى م: "ابنها".