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Al-Mughni by Ibn Qudama - Edited by Al-Turki
Volume 13 · Page 263

Translation · EN

it has eaten, then do not eat, for I fear that it only caught it for itself" (36). This is more worthy of precedence because it is [authoritative, for it is] (37) agreed upon. Furthermore, it includes an addition, which is the mention of the ruling accompanied by its underlying cause. Moreover, the hadith of Abu Tha'labah is interpreted as referring to a hunting animal whose training has been established, due to his statement: "If you release your trained dog." Training is not established until it refrains from eating. Once this is established, the command to stop when commanded is only considered [before releasing it] (38) toward the game, or upon seeing it; as for after that, it will not stop under any circumstances. The fifth condition is that it must not eat (39) from the game. If it eats from it, it is not permissible according to the more correct of the two narrations. This is narrated from Ibn Abbas, Abu Hurayrah, and it is the opinion of 'Ata', Tawus, 'Ubayd ibn 'Umayr, al-Sha'bi, al-Nakha'i, Suwayd ibn Ghaflah, Abu Burdah, Sa'id ibn Jubayr, 'Ikrimah, al-Dahhak, Qatadah, Ishaq, Abu Hanifa and his companions, and Abu Thawr. The second narration is that it is permissible. This is narrated from Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas, Salman, Abu Hurayrah, and Ibn 'Umar. Imam Ahmad narrated it from them, and it is the opinion of Malik. There are two opinions from al-Shafi'i, corresponding to the two madhhabs. Those who permitted it argued based on the generality of the saying of Allah the Exalted: {So eat of what they catch for you}, and the hadith of Abu Tha'labah, and because it is a trained hunting animal, so it is permitted as if it had not eaten. Eating might be due to excessive hunger or rage against the game. As for our evidence, it is the statement of the Prophet - may Allah bless him and grant him peace - in the hadith of 'Adi ibn Hatim: "If you release your trained dog and mention the name of Allah the Exalted, then eat of what it catches for you." I said: "Even if it kills?" He said: "Even if it kills, unless the dog eats; [if it eats] (40), then do not eat, for I fear that it only caught it (41) for (42) itself." Agreed upon. And because what was a condition for the first hunt, is a condition for all its hunts, like the release and the training. As for the verse, it does not encompass this game because it (43)

Notes

(36) Its verification has preceded on page 257. (37) Omitted from (M). (38) In (M): "bi-irsalihi" (by releasing it). (39) In (M): "yu'kal" (it is eaten). (40) Omitted from (B). (41) In (B) and (M): "amsaka" (it caught). (42) In (B): "'an" (for/on behalf of). (43) In (M): "fa-innahu" (for it is).

Arabic (Source)

أكلَ فلَا تأْكُلْ، فإنِّى أخافُ أَنْ يكونَ إنَّما أَمْسَكَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ" (٣٦). وهذا أَوْلَى بالتَّقْدِيمِ لأنَّه [رَاجِحٌ، فإنَّه] (٣٧) مُتَّفَقٌ عليه. ولأنَّه مُتضَمِّنٌ للزيادَةِ، وهو ذِكْرُ الحُكْمِ مُعَلَّلا. ثم إنَّ حديثَ أبى ثَعْلَبَة مَحمولٌ على جارِحَةٍ ثَبَتَ تعليمُها، لقوله: "إذا أرْسَلْتَ كَلْبَكَ المُعَلَّمَ". ولا يثبُتُ التَّعْليمُ حتى يتْرُكَ الأَكْلَ. إذا ثَبَتَ هذا، فإنَّ الانْزِجارَ بالزَّجْرِ إنَّما يُعْتبَرُ [قبلَ إرْسالِه] (٣٨) على الصَّيْدِ، أو رُؤْيَتِه، أمَّا بعدَ ذلك، فإنَّه لا يَنْزَجِرُ بحالٍ. الشرطُ الخامِسُ، أَنْ لا يأْكُلَ (٣٩) من الصَّيْدِ، فإنْ أَكَلَ منه، لم يُبَحْ، فى أصَحِّ الرِّوايتَيْن. ويُرْوَى ذلك عن ابن عبّاس، وأبى هُرَيْرَةَ. وبه قال عَطاءٌ، وطاوسٌ، وعُبَيْدُ بن عُمَيْر، والشَّعْبِىُّ، والنَّخَعِىُّ، وسُوَيْدُ بن غَفَلَةَ، وأبو بُرْدَةَ، وسعيدُ بن جُبَيْر، وعِكْرِمَةُ، والضَّحَّاكُ، وقَتادَةُ، وإسحاقُ، وأبو حنيفةَ وأصحابُه، وأبو ثَوْرٍ. والرِّوايَةُ الثانِيَةُ: يُباحُ. رُوِىَ ذلك عن سَعْدِ بن أبى وَقَّاصٍ، وسَلْمانَ، وأبى هُرَيْرَةَ، وابنِ عمرَ. حكاه عنهم الإِمامُ أحمدُ. وبه قال مالِكٌ. ولِلشافِعِىِّ قَوْلان، كالمَذْهبَيْن. واحْتجَّ مَنْ أباحَهُ بعُمُومِ قولِه تعالى: {فَكُلُوا مِمَّا أَمْسَكْنَ عَلَيْكُمْ}. وحَديثِ أبى ثَعْلَبةَ، ولأنَّه صَيْدٌ جارِحٌ مُعَلَّمٌ، فأُبِيحَ، كما لو لم يأكلْ. فإنَّ الأَكلَ يحْتَمِلُ أَنْ يكونَ لفَرْطِ جُوعٍ أو غيظٍ على الصَّيْدِ. ولَنا، قولُ النبىِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- فى حديثِ عَدِىِّ بن حاتمٍ: "إِذَا أُرْسَلْتَ كَلْبَكَ المُعَلَّمَ، وذَكَرْتَ اسْمَ اللَّهِ تعالَى، فَكُلْ مِمَّا أَمسَكَ عَلَيْكَ". قُلْت: وإِنْ قَتَل؟ قال: "وإِنْ قَتَلَ، إلّا أَنْ يَأْكُلَ الكلبُ، [فإنْ أَكلَ] (٤٠)، فَلَا تَأْكُلْ، فَإنِّى أخَافُ أَنْ يَكُونَ إنَّمَا أمْسَكَهُ (٤١) عَلَى (٤٢) نَفْسِهِ". مُتَّفَقٌ عليه. ولأنَّ ما كان شَرْطًا فى الصَّيدِ الأوَّلِ، كان شرطًا فى سائرِ صُيودِه، كالإِرْسالِ والتَّعْليمِ. وأمّا الآيةُ فلا تَتَناوَلُ هذا الصَّيْدَ؛ لأنَّه (٤٣)

Notes

(٣٦) تقدم تخريجه، فى صفحة ٢٥٧.(٣٧) سقط من: م.(٣٨) فى م: "بإرساله".(٣٩) فى م: "يؤكل".(٤٠) سقط من: ب.(٤١) فى ب، م: "أمسك".(٤٢) فى ب: " عن".(٤٣) فى م: "فإنه".

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