It (5) is subject to the same conditions we mentioned regarding the hunting beast, with the exception of training. Tasmiyah is required upon releasing the arrow, upon thrusting if it is a spear, and upon striking if it is of the kind that strikes, because that is the action originating from him. If the tasmiyah precedes it by a short time, it is permissible, just as we mentioned regarding the intention in acts of worship. It is required that he intends the game; if he shoots at a target and hits game, or intends to shoot at a person or a stone, or shoots in play without intending game and kills it, it is not lawful. If he intends game and hits both it and something else, both are lawful, and the hunting beast is in this regard in the position of the arrow. Ahmad has explicitly stated these rulings. This is the view of al-Thawri, Qatada, Abu Hanifa, and al-Shafi'i, except that al-Shafi'i said: If he releases the dog at a game, and it takes another in its path, it is lawful; but if it swerved from its path to it, there are two views regarding it. Malik said: If he releases his dog at a specific game, and it takes another, it is not permitted because he did not intend its hunting, unless he releases it at large game and they scatter from small ones, for then they are permitted if it takes them. Our evidence is the general implication of His saying, the Most High: "So eat of what they catch for you" (Quran 5:4). And his saying, peace be upon him: "If you release your dog, and you have mentioned the name of Allah over it, then eat of what it has caught for you." And the Prophet's (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) saying: "Eat what your bow has returned to you." And because he released the hunting tool at game, so what it hunted becomes lawful,
(5) Its derivation has preceded in: 13215. Added to this for the present context: Al-Bukhari recorded it in: The Chapter on What Has Been Said Regarding Spears, from the Book of Jihad; in the Chapter on What Has Come Regarding Hunting; and the Chapter on Hunting on Mountains, from the Book of Slaughtering and Hunting. Sahih al-Bukhari 4/49, 7/115, 116. Al-Tirmidhi, in: The Chapter on What Has Been Said Regarding Eating Game for the Muhrim, from the Chapters on Hajj. 'Aridat al-Ahwadhi 4/76. Al-Nasa'i, in: The Chapter on What Is Permissible to Eat from Game, from the Book of Rites (Manasik). Al-Mujtaba 5/142, 143. Al-Darimi, in: The Chapter on Eating the Meat of Game for the Muhrim..., from the Book of Rites. Sunan al-Darimi 2/38, 39. Imam Malik, in: The Chapter on What Is Permissible for the Muhrim to Eat from Game, from the Book of Hajj. Al-Muwatta 1/350. Imam Ahmad, in: Al-Musnad 5/301. (6) Omitted from (M). (7) In (M): "'adala" (he deviated). (8) In (M): "riwayatani" (two narrations). (9) In (M): "saydihi" (his game). (10) Surah al-Ma'idah, 4. (11) Its derivation has preceded on page 257. (12) Recorded by Abu Dawud, in: The Chapter on Hunting, from the Book of Hunting. Sunan Abi Dawud 2/99. Al-Tirmidhi, in: The Chapter on What Has Come Regarding What Is Eaten of the Dog's Game and What Is Not Eaten, from the Chapters on Hunting. 'Aridat al-Ahwadhi 6/252. Ibn Majah, in: The Chapter on Hunting with a Bow, from the Book of Hunting. Sunan Ibn Majah 2/1071. Imam Ahmad, in: Al-Musnad 2/184, 4/193, 195, 5/388.
عليه (٥). ويعتبرُ فيه من الشُّرُوطِ ما ذَكَرْنا فى الجارِحِ، إلَّا التَّعْليمَ. وتُعْتَبَرُ التَّسْمِيَةُ عند إرسالِ السَّهْمِ، والطَّعْنِ إنْ كان برُمْحٍ، والضَّرْبِ إنْ كان ممّا يُضرَبُ؛ لأنَّه الفِعْلُ الصَّادِرُ منه. وإِنْ تَقَدَّمَت التَّسْمِيَةُ بزَمَنٍ يسيرٍ، جازَ، كما ذكَرْنا فى النِّيَّةِ فى العباداتِ. ويُعْتبَرُ أَنْ يقْصدَ الصَّيْدَ، فلو رَمَى هَدَفًا فأصابَ صَيْدًا، أو قَصَدَ رَمْىَ إنسانٍ أو حجرٍ، أو (٦) رَمَى عَبَثًا غيرَ قاصِدٍ صيدًا فقَتَلَه، لم يَحِلَّ. وإِنْ قَصَدَ صَيْدًا، فأصابَهُ وغيرَه، حَلَّا جميعًا، والجارِحُ فى هذا بمنزِلَةِ السَّهْمِ. نَصَّ أحمدُ على هذه المسائِلِ. وهو قولُ الثَّوْرِىِّ، وقَتادَةَ، وأبى حنيفةَ، والشافِعِىِّ، إلَّا أَنَّ الشافِعِىَّ قال: إذا أرْسَلَ الكلبَ على صَيْدٍ، فأخَذَ آخَرَ فى طريقِه، حَلَّ، وإِنْ عَدَا (٧) عن طريقِه إليه، ففيه وَجْهان (٨). وقال مالِكٌ: إذا أرْسَلَ كلْبَه على صَيْدٍ (٩) بعَيْنِه، فأخَذَ غيرَه، لم يُبَحْ؛ لأنَّه لم يقْصِدْ صَيْدَه، إلَّا أَنْ يُرْسِلَه على صُيودٍ كِبارٍ، فتتفَرَّقُ عن صِغارٍ، فإنَّها تُباحُ إذا أخَذَها. ولَنا، عُمومُ قولِه تعالَى: {فَكُلُوا مِمَّا أَمْسَكْنَ عَلَيْكُمْ} (١٠). وقولُه عليه السلام: "إِذَا أَرْسَلْتَ كَلْبَكَ، وذَكَرْتَ اسْمَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ، فكُلْ مِمَّا أمْسَكَ عَلَيْكَ" (١١). وقولُ النَّبِىِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "كُلْ مَا رَدَّتْ عَلَيْكَ قَوْسُكَ" (١٢). ولأنَّه أرْسلَ آلةَ الصَّيْدِ على صَيْدٍ، فحلَّ ما صادَهُ،
(٥) تقدم تخريجه، فى: ١٣٢١٥. ويضاف إليه لما هنا: وأخرجه البخارى، فى: باب ما قيل فى الرماح، من كتاب الجهاد، وفى: باب ما جاء فى التصيد، وباب التصيد على الجبال، من كتاب الذبائح والصيد. صحيح البخارى ٤/ ٤٩، ٧/ ١١٥، ١١٦. والترمذى، فى: باب ما جاء فى أكل الصيد للمحرم، من أبواب الحج. عارضة الأحوذى ٤/ ٧٦. والنسائى، فى: باب ما يجوز أكله من الصيد، من كتاب المناسك. المجتبى ٥/ ١٤٢، ١٤٣. والدارمى، فى: باب أكل لحم الصيد للمحرم. . .، من كتاب المناسك. سنن الدارمى ٢/ ٣٨، ٣٩. والإِمام مالك، فى: باب ما يجوز للمحرم أكله من الصيد، من كتاب الحج. الموطأ ١/ ٣٥٠. والإِمام أحمد، فى: المسند ٥/ ٣٠١.(٦) سقط من: م.(٧) فى م: "عدل".(٨) فى م: "روايتان".(٩) فى م: "صيده".(١٠) سورة المائدة ٤.(١١) تقدم تخريجه، فى صفحة ٢٥٧.(١٢) أخرجه أبو داود، فى: باب فى الصيد، من كتاب الصيد. سنن أبى داود ٢/ ٩٩. والترمذى، فى: باب ما جاء ما يؤكل من صيد الكلب وما لا يؤكل، من أبواب الصيد. عارضة الأحوذى ٦/ ٢٥٢. وابن ماجه، فى: باب صيد القوس، من كتاب الصيد. سنن ابن ماجه ٢/ ١٠٧١. والإِمام أحمد، فى: المسند ٢/ ١٨٤، ٤/ ١٩٣، ١٩٥، ٥/ ٣٨٨.