obligatory duties, Friday prayers, Hajj, and fighting; because it is a form of worship (1) that has become specifically required of him, so their permission is not considered therein, just like prayer. This is also because Allah the Almighty said: {And [due] to Allah from the people is a pilgrimage to the House - for whoever is able to find thereto a way} (2). He did not stipulate the permission of the parents.

Section: If he sets out for voluntary Jihad with their permission, and then they forbid him from it after he has traveled but before it becomes obligatory [for him to stay], he must return. This is because it is a factor that, if it existed at the beginning, would have prevented [the departure]; thus, if it arises during it, it prevents it, like all other impediments. This is unless he fears for his own safety upon returning, or a legitimate excuse occurs for him, such as illness, running out of provisions, or the like. If it is possible for him to stay along the road, he should do so; otherwise, he continues with the army. Once he reaches the ranks, it becomes obligatory upon him by his presence, and the parents' permission is no longer relevant. If they rescind their permission after the Jihad has become obligatory upon him, their rescission does not affect anything. If they were non-Muslims, then they accepted Islam and forbade him, it is the same as them forbidding him after they had given permission. The ruling regarding a creditor who gives permission for Jihad and then forbids it is the same as the ruling regarding the parent, according to what we have detailed. As for if an excuse occurs for the person himself, such as illness, blindness, or lameness, he is permitted to withdraw, whether the two armies have met or not, because he is unable to fight and there is no benefit in his remaining.

Section: If his parents permit him to engage in a military expedition but set a condition upon him that he does not fight, and then he attends the fighting, it becomes obligatory upon him [to fight] and their condition is rendered void. Al-Awza'i and Ibn al-Mundhir said the same; because it has become obligatory upon him, so there is no obedience to them in abandoning it. If he went out without their permission and then attended the fighting, and then thought of returning, it would not be permissible for him to do so.

Section: Whoever has a debt that is due or deferred is not permitted to go out for a military expedition except with the permission of his creditor, unless he leaves behind enough to settle the debt, appoints a guarantor for it, or secures it with a pledge. This is the view held by al-Shafi'i, while Malik granted a concession for military expeditions for those who are unable to pay (3) their debt, because they cannot legally pursue him for it nor imprison him