purity. If he mentions the name of Allah over a sheep, then takes another and slaughters it with that same invocation, it is not permissible, regardless of whether he released the first or slaughtered it, because he did not intend the second one with this invocation. If he sees a herd of sheep and says, "In the name of Allah," then takes a sheep and slaughters it without an invocation, it does not become lawful. If he is ignorant of the fact that this is insufficient, it does not hold the same status as forgetfulness; because forgetfulness removes accountability, while the ignorant person is held accountable, and for this reason, an ignorant person who eats during a fast breaks it, unlike the one who forgets. If he lays a sheep down to slaughter it and mentions the name of Allah (9), then drops the knife and takes another, or returns a greeting, or speaks to someone, or asks for water, or similar actions, and then slaughters it (10), it becomes lawful; because he mentioned the name of Allah over that specific sheep and did not separate the acts except by a slight interval, so it is similar to the case where he did not speak.
Section: If a hunter mentions the name of Allah over game but hits something else, it is lawful. If he mentions the name of Allah over an arrow, then discards it and takes another with which he shoots, what he hunted (11) is not permitted; because when it is impossible to consider the invocation over a specific piece of game, it is considered over the instrument with which he hunts, unlike the case of a slaughtered animal. It is possible that it might be permitted, by analogy to the case where he mentions the name of Allah over a knife, then discards it and takes another. The suspension of the requirement to specify the game due to the hardship involved does not necessitate the requirement to specify the instrument, so it is not considered.
1720 - Issue; He said: (And if his camel flees (1), and he cannot control it, and he shoots it with an arrow or similar thing with which its blood flows, and kills it, it shall be eaten.)
[And likewise if] (2) it falls into a well and he cannot perform the ritual slaughter (tadhkiyah) on it, and he wounds it in any location he is able to, and kills it, it shall be eaten, unless its head is in the water, in which case it shall not be eaten; because the water assists in its killing. This is the opinion of the majority of jurists. It has been narrated from Ali, Ibn Mas'ud, Ibn Umar, Ibn Abbas, and Aishah, may Allah be pleased with them. This is also the position held by Masruq, al-Aswad, al-Hasan, Ata', Tawus,
(9) In (B): "then he mentioned the name of Allah". (10) Omitted from: The original. (11) In (M): "he hunted it". (1) In (A) and (M): "a camel". (2) In (B): "if".
الطهارَةِ. وإِنْ سَمَّى على شاةٍ، ثمَّ أخَذَ أُخْرَى فَذَبَحها بتلك التَّسْمِية، لم يَجُزْ، سواءٌ أَرْسَلَ الأُولَى أو ذَبَحَها، لأنَّه لم يقْصِد الثانِيَةَ بهذه التَّسْمِيَةِ. وإِنْ رأى قَطِيعًا منِ الغَنَمِ، فقال: بسمِ اللَّه. ثمَّ أخَذَ شاةً فَذَبَحها بغيرِ تَسْمِيَةٍ، لم يَحِلَّ. وإِنْ جَهِلَ كَوْن ذلك لا يُجْزئُ، لم يَجْرِ مَجْرَى النِّسْيانِ؛ لأنَّ النِّسْيانَ يُسْقِطُ المُؤاخَذَةَ، والجاهِلُ مُؤاخَذٌ، ولذلك يُفْطِرُ الجاهِلُ بالأَكْلِ فى الصَّوْمِ دونَ النَّاسِى. وإِنْ أَضْجَعَ شاةً لِيَذْبَحَها، وسَمَّى (٩)، ثمَّ أَلْقَى السِّكِّينَ، وأخَذَ أُخْرَى، أو رَدَّ سلامًا، أو كَلَّمَ إنْسانًا، أو اسْتَسْقَى ماءً، ونحو ذلك، وذَبَحَ (١٠)، حَلَّ؛ لأنَّه سَمَّى على تِلْك الشَّاةِ بعَيْنِها، ولم يفْصِلْ بينهما إلَّا بِفَصْلٍ يَسِيرٍ، فأشْبَهَ ما لو لم يَتَكَلَّمْ.
فصل: وإِنْ سَمَّى الصائِدُ على صَيْدٍ، فأصابَ غيرَه، حَلَّ. وإن سَمَّى على سَهْمٍ ثمَّ أَلْقاهُ، وأَخَذَ غَيْرَه فرَمَى به، لم يُبَحْ ما صادَ (١١) به؛ لأنَّه لمَّا لم يُمْكِنِ اعْتبارُ التَّسْمِيةِ على صَيْدٍ بعَيْنِه، اعْتُبِرتْ على الآلةِ التى يَصِيدُ بها، بخلافِ الذَّبِيحَةِ. ويَحْتَمِلُ أَنْ يُباحَ، قياسًا على ما لو سَمَّى على سِكِّينٍ، ثمَّ ألْقاها وأخَذَ غيرَها. وسقُوطُ اعْتِبارِ تَعْيِينِ الصَّيْدِ لمَشَقَّتِه، لا يَقْتَضِى اعتبارَ تَعْيِينِ الآلةِ، فلا يُعْتَبَرُ.
١٧٢٠ - مسألة؛ قال: (وَإِذَا نَدَّ بَعِيرُه (١)، فَلَمْ يَقْدِرْ عَلَيْهِ، فَرَماهُ بِسَهْمٍ أو نَحْوِهِ، مِمَّا يَسِيلُ بِهِ دَمُهُ، فَقَتَلَهُ، أُكِلَ)
[وكذلك إِنْ] (٢) تَرَدَّى فى بِئْرٍ، فلم يَقْدِرْ على تَذْكِيَتِه، فجرَحَه فى أىِّ مَوْضِعٍ قَدَرَ عليه، فقَتَلَه، أُكِلَ، إلَّا أَنْ تكونَ رأسُه فى الماءِ، فلا يُؤْكَلُ؛ لأنَّ الماءَ يُعِينُ على قَتْلِه. هذا قولُ أَكْثَرِ الفُقهاءِ. رُوِىَ ذلك عن عَلِىٍّ، وابنِ مسعودٍ، وابنِ عمرَ، وابنِ عبَّاس، وعائِشَةَ، رَضِىَ اللَّهُ عنهم. وبه قال مسروقٌ، والأَسْوَدُ، والحسنُ، وعطاءٌ، وطاوسٌ،
(٩) فى ب: "ثم سمى".(١٠) سقط من: الأصل.(١١) فى م: "صاده".(١) فى أ، م: "بعير".(٢) فى ب: "إذا".