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Al-Mughni by Ibn Qudama - Edited by Al-Turki
Volume 13 · Page 298Section

Translation · EN

mansur. Locusts are like fish in this regard because they require no slaughter (dhakah) and their dead carcass is permissible, so they are not prohibited by the hunting of a Magian, just like fish.

Section: The ruling for other disbelievers, such as idol-worshippers, heretics (zanadiqa), and others, is the same as the ruling for a Magian regarding the prohibition of their slaughtered animals and their hunted game, except for fish, locusts, and other things whose dead carcass is permissible; for what they hunt is permissible, as it does not increase in prohibition by virtue of that [hunting] compared to it dying without cause. The Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) said: "Two dead carcasses have been made lawful for us: fish and locusts" (11). Regarding the sea, he said: "Its water is a purifier, and its dead carcass is lawful" (12).

Section: Ahmad said: There is no harm in eating the food of the Magians (13), and if one is gifted something by them, it should be accepted; it is only their slaughtered animals that are disliked, or something containing fat, meaning meat. He did not see any harm in clarified butter (samn) or bread. When asked about what the Magians make for their dead, and they chant (zamzama) (14) over it for ten days, and then (15) distribute (16) it among the neighbors, he said: There is no harm in that. From al-Sha'bi: Eat with a Magian even if he chants. Ahmad narrated that Sa'id ibn Jubayr used to eat from the condiments (kawamikh) (17) of the Magians and enjoyed it. Hisham narrated from al-Hasan that he saw no harm in the food of the Magians in the city, nor in their dried curd (shawariz) (18), nor in their condiments.

1724 - Issue: He said: (And likewise, all (1) that dies of fish in the water, even if it floats).

His saying "floats" (tafa) means it has risen to the surface of the water. Abdullah ibn Rawaha (2) said: And indeed the Throne is floating above the water, And above the Throne is the Lord of the worlds.

Notes

(11) Narrated by Ibn Majah, in: The Chapter on Hunting Fish and Locusts, from the Book of Hunting, and in: The Chapter on the Liver and Spleen, from the Book of Foods. Sunan Ibn Majah 2/1073, 1102. Also by Imam Ahmad, in: al-Musnad 2/97. (12) Its verification was previously provided, in: 1/13, 14. (13) In (B) and (M): "the Magian". (14) Al-Zamzama: The moving of the lips with speech that the speaker does not articulate clearly. (15) Omitted from (M). (16) In (B) and (M): "they divide among themselves". (17) Al-Kamikh; with a fathah on the mim: a condiment. (18) Al-Shawariz: plural of shiraz, which is yogurt or soured milk. (1) Omitted from (B). (2) The verse is in his Diwan 165. It is also in: al-Isti'ab 3/901, Tabaqat al-Shafi'iyya al-Kubra 1/264, and Lisan al-'Arab (a-r-d) in the narrative.

Arabic (Source)

منصور. والجرادُ كالحِيتانِ فى ذلك؛ لأنَّه لا ذكاةَ له، ولأنَّه تُباحُ مَيْتَتُه، فلم يَحْرُمْ بصَيْدِ المَجُوسِىّ، كالحُوتِ.

فصل: وحُكْمُ سائِرِ الكُفَّارِ، من عَبَدَةِ الأَوْثَانِ والزَّنادِقَةِ وغيرِهم، حُكْمُ الْمَجُوسِىِّ، فى تَحْريمِ ذبائِحِهم وصَيْدِهم، إلَّا الحيتانَ والجرادَ وسائِرَ ما تُباحُ مَيْتَتُه، فإنَّ ما صادُوه مُباحٌ؛ لأنَّه لا يزيدُ بذلك عن مَوْتِه بغيرِ سَبَبٍ. وقد قال النَّبِىُّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "أُحِلَّتْ لنَا مَيْتَتانِ؛ السَّمَكُ، والْجَرَادُ" (١١). وقال فى البَحْرِ: "هُوَ الطَّهُورُ مَاؤُهُ، الحِلُّ مَيْتَتُهُ" (١٢).

فصل: قال أحمدُ: وطَعامُ الْمَجُوسِ (١٣) ليس به بَأْسٌ أَنْ يُؤْكَلَ، وإذا أُهْدِىَ إليه أَنْ يُقْبَلَ، إنَّما تُكْرَه ذبائِحُهم، أو شىءٌ فيه دسَمٌ. يعنى من اللحْمِ. ولم يَرَ بالسَّمْنِ والْخُبزِ بأْسًا. وسُئِل عمَّا يَصْنعُ المَجُوسُ لأمْواتِهم، ويُزَمْزِمُون (١٤) عليهم أَيَّامًا عَشْرًا، ثمَّ (١٥) يَقْسِمُون (١٦) ذلك فى الجِيرانِ؟ قال: لا بَأْسَ بذلك. وعن الشَّعْبِىِّ: كُلْ مَع المَجُوسِىِّ وإِنْ زَمْزَمَ. ورَوَى أحمدُ، أَنَّ سعيدَ بنَ جُبَيْر كان يأْ كُلُ من كَوامِيخِ (١٧) الْمَجُوسِ، وأَعْجَبَه ذلك. ورَوَى هشامٌ، عن الحسنِ، أَنَّه كانَ لا يَرَى بأْسًا بطعامِ الْمَجُوسِ فى المصرِ، ولا بشَواريِزِهم (١٨)، ولا بكَوامِيخِهم.

١٧٢٤ - مسألة؛ قال: (وَكَذلِك كُلُّ (١) مَا مَاتَ مِنَ الْحِيَتانِ فِى الْمَاءِ، وإِنْ طَفَا)

قولُه طَفَا: يعنى ارْتَفَعَ على وجهِ الماءِ. قال عبدُ اللَّه بنُ رَواحَةَ (٢):

وَأنَّ العَرْشَ فوْقَ الماءِ طافٍ ... وفَوْقَ العَرْشِ رَبُّ العَالَمِينَا

Notes

(١١) أخرجه ابن ماجه، فى: باب صيد الحيتان والجراد، من كتاب الصيد، وفى: باب الكبد والطحال، من كتاب الأطعمة. سنن ابن ماجه ٢/ ١٠٧٣، ١١٠٢. والإِمام أحمد، فى: المسند ٢/ ٩٧.(١٢) تقدم تخريجه، فى: ١/ ١٣، ١٤.(١٣) فى ب، م: "المجوسى".(١٤) الزمزمة: تحرك الشفة بكلام لا يفصح عنه قائله.(١٥) سقط من: م.(١٦) فى ب، م: "يقتسمون".(١٧) الكامخ؛ بفتح الميم: إدام.(١٨) الشواريز: جمع الشيراز، وهو اللبن الرائب.(١) سقط من: ب.(٢) البيت فى ديوانه ١٦٥. وهو فى: الاستيعاب ٣/ ٩٠١، طبقات الشافعية الكبرى ١/ ٢٦٤، اللسان (ع ر ض) فى قصة.

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