and does not rejoice in it, and whose heart is not broken by omitting it, due to the lack of benefit in it; thus, spending its price results in the waste of wealth without benefit. The situation in which he permitted it is when the orphan understands it, is comforted by it, and is saddened by omitting it, due to the attainment of benefit from it and the harm in missing it. Abu al-Khattab deduced from the statement of Ahmad, "He performs the sacrifice on his behalf," the obligatory nature of the sacrifice. The correct view, if Allah the Almighty wills, is what we have mentioned. In any case, whenever he performs the sacrifice on behalf of the orphan, he shall not give anything of it as charity, but rather store it for him, because it is not permissible to give as charity any part of an orphan's wealth as a voluntary act.
1759 - Issue: He said: "It is recommended to eat one-third of his sacrifice, gift one-third of it, and give one-third of it as charity, but if he eats more, it is permissible."
Ahmad said: We follow the hadith of Abdullah: "He eats one-third, feeds whoever he wishes one-third, and gives one-third as charity to the poor." Alqama said: Abdullah sent me with a sacrificial gift and commanded me to eat one-third, to send one-third to the family of his brother, and to give one-third as charity. It is narrated from Ibn Umar that he said: "The sacrifices and the sacrificial gifts are one-third for you, one-third for your family, and one-third for the poor." This is the view of Ishaq and one of the two opinions of al-Shafi'i. He said in the other: He divides it into two halves; he eats half and gives half as charity, according to the words of Allah the Almighty: "So eat of them and feed the miserable and the poor." The scholars of personal opinion (Ashab al-Ra'y) said: The more one gives in charity, the better; because the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) offered one hundred camels as sacrificial gifts and commanded that a piece be taken from every camel. It was placed in a pot, and he and Ali ate of its meat and drank of its broth. He also slaughtered five or six camels and said: "Whoever wishes may take a piece," and he did not eat anything from them. Our evidence is what has been narrated from Ibn Abbas regarding the description of the sacrifice of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him); he said: "He feeds..."
(5) In [M]: "yaksur". (1) In [M] there is an addition: "'Utba". (2) Surah al-Hajj, 28. (3) Its verification has been cited previously, in 5/156. (4) Its verification has been cited previously, in 5/301. (5) In [B]: "fa-yut'im".
يفْرَحُ بها، ولا ينْكَسِرُ (٥) قَلْبُه بِتَرْكِها؛ لعَدَمِ الفائِدَةِ فيها، فيُحَصِّلُ إخراجُ ثَمنِها تضييعَ مالٍ لا فائِدَةَ فيه، والوضِعُ الذى أجازَها، إذا كان اليتيمُ يَعْقِلُها، ويَنْجَبِرُ قَلْبُه بها، ويَنْكَسِرُ بِتَرْكِها؛ لحصولِ الفائِدَةِ منها، والضَّررِ بتَفْوِيتها. واسْتَدَلَّ أبو الخَطَّاب بقولِ أحمد: يُضَحِّى عنه. على وُجوبِ الأُضْحِيَةِ. والصَّحِيحُ، إنْ شاءَ اللَّهُ تعالى، ما ذَكَرْناه. وعلى كُل حالٍ، متى ضَحَّى عن اليَتِيمِ، لم يَتَصَدَّقْ بشىءٍ منها، ويُوَفِّرُها لنَفْسِه؛ لأَنَّه لا يجوزُ الصَّدَقَةُ بشىءٍ من مالِ اليَتيمِ تَطَوُّعًا.
١٧٥٩ - مسألة؛ قال: (والاسْتِحْبابُ أَنْ يَأْكُلَ ثُلُثَ أُضْحِيَتهِ، ويُهْدِىَ ثُلُثهَا، ويَتَصَدَّقَ بِثلُثِهَا، ولَوْ أَكَلَ أَكْثَرَ جَازَ)
قال أَحْمَدُ: نحنُ نَذْهَبُ إلى حديثِ عبدِ اللَّه: يَأْكُلُ هو الثلُثَ، ويُطْعِمُ مَنْ أرادَ الثُّلُثَ، ويَتَصَدَّقُ على المساكِينِ بالثُّلُثِ. قال عَلْقَمَةُ: بَعَثَ مَعِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بِهَدِيَّة، فأَمَرَنِى أن آكُلَ ثُلُثًا، وأن أُرْسِلَ إلى أهلِ أخِيهِ (١) بثُلُثٍ، وأَنْ أَتَصَدَّقَ بثُلُثٍ. وعن ابنِ عمرَ قال: الضَّحايَا والهَدايَا ثُلُث لَكَ، وثُلُث لأَهْلِكَ، وثُلُثٌ للمساكِين. وهذا قولُ إسحاقَ، وأحَدُ قَوْلَى الشافِعِى. وقال فى الآخرِ: يَجْعَلُها نِصْفَيْنِ، يَأْكُلُ نِصْفًا، ويَتَصَدَّقُ بنِصْفٍ؛ لقولِ اللَّه تعالَى: {فَكُلُوا مِنْهَا وَأَطْعِمُوا الْبَائِسَ الْفَقِيرَ} (٢). وقال أصْحابُ الرَّأْى: ما كَثُرَ من الصَّدَقَةِ فهو أفضَلُ؛ لأنَّ النَّبِىَّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- أَهْدَى مائِةَ بَدَنَةٍ، وأَمَرَ من كُلِّ بَدَنَةٍ بِبِضْعَةٍ، فجُعِلَت فى قِدْرٍ، فأَكَلَ هو وعلىٌّ من لحمِها، وحسِيَا من مَرَقِها (٣). ونَحَرَ خَمْسَ بَدَناتٍ أو سِتَّ بَدَناتٍ، وقال: "مَنْ شاءَ فَلْيَقْتَطِعْ". ولم يَأْكُلْ مِنْهن شَيْئًا (٤). ولَنا، ما رُوِىَ عن ابنِ عبَّاسٍ، فى صِفَةِ أُضْحِيَةِ النَّبِىِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- قال: ويُطْعِمُ (٥)
(٥) فى م: "يكسر".(١) فى م زيادة: "عتبة".(٢) سورة الحج ٢٨.(٣) تقدم تخريجه، فى: ٥/ ١٥٦.(٤) تقدم تخريجه، فى: ٥/ ٣٠١.(٥) فى ب: "فيطعم".