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Al-Mughni by Ibn Qudama - Edited by Al-Turki
Volume 13 · Page 401Section

Translation · EN

The jadl, with the undotted dal, the irb, the shilw, the udw, and the wusl, all mean one and the same thing. This is done with it only because it is the first sacrifice slaughtered for the newborn, so this was recommended as an auspicious sign for safety. Aisha said the same. It was also narrated from Ata and Ibn Jurayj, and this is the view of al-Shafi'i.

Section: Ahmad said: The hide, the head, and the offal may be sold and their value given in charity. He had previously stipulated the contrary regarding the udhiyah, and that is more consistent with the qiyas (analogy) of his school, for it is a sacrifice for Allah, so nothing of it may be sold, just like the hady (sacrificial animal of the sanctuary). Furthermore, since it is possible to give charity of the actual thing itself, there is no need to sell it. Abu al-Khattab said: It is possible that the ruling of one is transferred to the other, so two narrations may be derived regarding both issues. It is also possible to distinguish between them in that the udhiyah is a sacrifice legislated (7) on the Day of Sacrifice [so it resembles the hady, while the aqiqah was legislated on the occasion of a recent joy and the renewal of a blessing] (8), so it resembles the sacrifice offered at a banquet. Furthermore, the sacrificial animal here has not left the owner's possession, so he is permitted to do with it as he wishes, including selling it and other things; and giving the proceeds of what he sells (9) as charity is equivalent to giving the object itself in terms of its virtue, its reward, and the attainment of benefit from it, so he is permitted to do so.

Section: Some scholars said: It is recommended for the father to call the adhan in his child's ear when he is born, due to what was narrated from (10) Abd Allah ibn Rafi, from his mother, that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) called the adhan in the ear of al-Hasan when Fatima gave birth to him (11). It is also narrated from Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz that when a child was born to him, he would take him in a cloth, call the adhan in his right ear, perform the iqamah in his left, and name him. We have narrated that a man said to someone in the presence of al-Hasan, while congratulating him on a son: "May the horseman be a joy to you" (12). Al-Hasan said: "How do you know that he is a horseman, or is he a donkey?" He said:

Notes

(7) In B there is an addition: "fi" (in). (8) Omitted from B. (9) In M: "bay" (sell). (10) Omitted from the original and A. (11) Recorded by Abu Dawud, in: Chapter on the child who is born and the adhan is called in his ear, from the Book of Etiquette (Adab). Sunan Abi Dawud 2/621. Al-Tirmidhi, in: Chapter on the adhan in the ear of the newborn, from the chapters on the udhiyah. Aridat al-Ahwadhi 6/315. And Imam Ahmad, in: Al-Musnad 6/9, 391, 392. (12) In B and M: "faris" (horseman/knight).

Arabic (Source)

الجَدْلُ، بالدَّالِ غيرِ المُعْجَمَةِ، والإِرْبُ، والشِّلْوُ، والعُضوُ، والوُصْلُ، كلُّه واحِدٌ. وإنَّما فُعِل بها ذلك؛ لأنَّها أوّلُ ذَبِيحَةٍ ذُبِحَت عن المولودِ، فاسْتُحِبَّ فيها ذلك تَفاؤُلًا بالسَّلامةِ. كذلك قالت عائِشَةُ. ورُوِىَ أيضًا عن عَطاءٍ، وابنِ جُرَيجٍ. وبه قال الشافِعِىُّ.

فصل: قال أحمدُ: يباعُ الجلدُ والرأسُ والسِّقطُ، ويُتصدَّق به. وقد نَصَّ فى الأُضْحِيَةِ على خِلافِ هذا، وهو أقْيَسُ فى مَذْهَبِه؛ لأنّها ذَبِيحَة للَّهِ، فلا يُباعُ منها شىءٌ، كالهَدْىِ، ولأنَّه تُمْكِنُ الصَّدَقَةُ بذلك بعَيْنه، فلا حاجَةَ إلى بَيْعِه. وقال أبو الخَطَّاب: يَحْتَمِلُ أَنْ يُنْقَلَ حكمُ إحْداهما إلى الأُخْرَى، فيُخَرَّجُ فى المَسْأَلَتَيْنِ رِوايَتان، ويَحْتَمِلُ أَنْ يُفرَّقَ بينهما من حيثُ إنَّ الأُضْحِيَةَ ذَبِيحةٌ شُرِعَت (٧) يومَ النّحْرِ، [فأشْبَهت الهَدْىَ، والعَقِيقةَ شُرِعَتْ عندَ سُرورٍ حادِثٍ، وتَجدُّدِ نِعْمَةٍ] (٨)، فأشْبَهتِ الذَّبِيحَةَ فى الوَلِيمةِ، ولأَنَّ الذَّبِيحةَ ههُنا لم تخْرُجْ عن مِلْكِه، فكان له أَنْ يفعلَ بها ما شاءَ، من بَيْعٍ وغيرِه، والصَّدَّقَةُ بثَمَنِ ما يَبِيعُ (٩) منها بمنزِلَةِ الصَّدَقَةِ به فى فَضْلِها، وثَوابِها، وحصولِ النَّفْعِ به، فكانَ له ذلك.

فصل: قال بعضُ أهلِ العِلْم: يُسْتَحَبُ للوالد أَنْ يُؤذِّنَ فى أُذُنِ ابْنِه حينَ يُولَدُ؛ لما رُوِىَ عن (١٠) عبدِ اللَّه بنِ رافعٍ، عن أمِّه، أَنَّ النَّبِىَّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- أذَنَ فى أذُنِ الحسنِ حينَ وَلَدَتْه فاطِمَةُ (١١). وعن عمرَ بنِ عبد العزيز، أنَّه كان إذا وُلِدَ له مولودٌ، أخَذَه فى خِرْقَةٍ، فأذَّنَ فى أذُنِه اليُمْنَى، وأقامَ فى اليُسْرَى، وسَمّاه. ورَوَيْنا أَنَّ رَجُلًا قال لرجُلٍ عندَ الحسن يُهَنِّئُه بابنٍ له: ليَهْنِكَ الفارِسُ (١٢). فقال الحسنُ: وما يُدْريِكَ أنَّه فارِسٌ هو أو حمارٌ؟ فقال:

Notes

(٧) فى ب زيادة: "فى".(٨) سقط من: ب.(٩) فى م: "بيع".(١٠) سقط من: الأصل، أ.(١١) أخرجه أبو داود، فى: باب فى الصبى يولد فيؤذن فى أذنه، من كتاب الأدب. سنن أبى داود ٢/ ٦٢١. والترمذى، فى: باب الأذان فى أذن المولود، من أبواب الأضحية. عارضة الأحوذى ٦/ ٣١٥. والإمام أحمد، فى: المسند ٦/ ٩، ٣٩١، ٣٩٢.(١٢) فى ب، م: "فارس".

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