«wa-khaṣlan. This is called the farʿ. And al-qarṭasa, it is said: qarṭasa, if he hits. Or ḥawābī, which is what falls in front of the target, then jumps to it. From this it is said: ḥabā al-ṣabī. Or khawāṣir, which is what was on one of the two sides of the target, and from this it is said: al-khāṣira, because it is on the side of the human. Or khawāriq, which is what pierces the target, then falls in front of it. Or khawāsiq, which is what opens the target and remains in it. Or mawāriq, which is what penetrates the target and falls behind it. Or khawāzim, which is what pierces the side of the target. If they stipulate khawāsiq and ḥawābī together, it is valid. Fifth, the size of the target. The target is what is intended to be hit, whether of paper, parchment, leather, wood, gourd, or other than that, and it is called gharaḍ because it is intended, and it is called shāra and shanan. Al-Azhari said: What is set up in the target stand is the qirṭās, and what is set up in the air is the gharaḍ. It is necessary that its size be known by observation, or by estimating it with a span or two spans, according to agreement, for the hit differs with the difference in its width and narrowness. Sixth, knowledge of the distance, either by observation or by cubits, so he says: one hundred cubits, or two hundred cubits; because the hit differs by its proximity and distance, and whatever they agree upon is permissible, unless they make a distant distance where hitting is impossible in such a case, which is what exceeds three hundred cubits, then it is not valid; because the purpose is missed by that, and it has been said that no one shot to four hundred cubits except ʿUqba ibn ʿĀmir al-Juhanī, may Allah be pleased with him. Seventh, specifying the archers, so it is not valid with ambiguity; because the purpose is to know the skill of the archer himself, not to know the skill of an archer in general. If two people contract a niḍāl on the condition that with each one of them are three others, it is not permissible; for that reason. It is not stipulated to specify the bow and arrows, and if they specify them, they do not become specific; because the intention is to know the skill, and this does not differ except by the archer, not by the difference of the bow and arrows. In betting, it is considered to specify the animal that is raced»