1637 - Issue; He said: (The Imam and whomever the Imam appoints to swear [oaths] may grant extra shares of spoils (nafal), just as the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) did at the beginning of his campaign, [granting] a quarter after the fifth, and upon his return, [granting] a third after the fifth.)

Nafal (extra share of spoils) is an increase added to the soldier's share. From this is the nafal of prayer, which is what is in addition to the obligatory (fard). Allah the Almighty says: {And We gifted to him Isaac and Jacob as a nafal (extra gift)} (1). It is as if he asked Allah for a child, and He gave him what he asked for and added for him the child of the child. The intended meaning of 'the beginning' (bada'ah) here is the beginning of entering the land of the enemy (dar al-harb), and 'returning' (raj'ah) is his returning from it. Nafal in military raiding is divided into three categories. One of them is this which al-Khiraqi mentioned, which is that when the Imam or his deputy enters the land of the enemy as a raider, he sends out a detachment (sariyyah) ahead of him to raid the enemy, and he allocates to them a quarter after the fifth. Whatever the detachment brings back of anything, he takes out its fifth, then gives the detachment what he allocated to them, which is a quarter of the remainder, and that is another fifth. Then he distributes what remains to the [entire] army and the detachment along with them. When he turns back, he sends a detachment to raid, and allocates to them a third after the fifth. Whatever the detachment brings back, he takes out its fifth, then gives the detachment a third of what remains, then distributes the rest to the army and the detachment along with them. This is the view of Habib ibn Maslamah, al-Hasan, al-Awza'i, and a group. It is narrated from Amr ibn Shu'ayb that he said: There is no nafal after the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). Perhaps he is arguing based on the saying of Allah the Almighty: {They ask you concerning the spoils of war. Say: The spoils of war are for Allah and the Messenger} (5), so He reserved it for him. Sa'id ibn al-Musayyab and Malik used to say: There is no nafal except from the fifth. Al-Shafi'i said: It is taken from the fifth of the fifth; because of what Ibn Umar narrated, that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) sent a detachment in which was Abd Allah ibn Umar, and they captured many camels, and their shares were twelve camels, and they were granted an extra share of one camel each. Agreed upon (6). If he gave them from the four fifths which belong to them, it would not be a nafal, but rather it would be from their [original] shares.