of the Romans, and he wants it for the food of the captives, what is your view on taking the dinar? He did not see any harm in it. It was said: What if the Imam sends out a detachment and promises them all an extra share, and then on the day of the raid he calls out: "Whoever brings ten heads shall have one, and whoever brings such-and-such shall have such-and-such," so the people go and seek them, what is your view on this nafal? He said: There is no harm in it, if it encourages them, provided it does not exhaust the third. I said: Is there no harm in two nafals for one thing? He said: Yes, as long as it does not exhaust the third. I heard him say that more than once.
Section: It is permissible for the Imam and his deputy to offer compensation (ju'l) to anyone who guides them to something that serves the interest of the Muslims, such as an easy path, water in a wasteland, a fortress to be conquered, property to be seized, an enemy to be raided, or a gap through which to enter. We know of no disagreement on this; for it is compensation for an interest, so it is permissible, like the wages of a guide. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and Abu Bakr hired a guide to lead them along the path during the Hijra. One becomes entitled to the compensation by performing the act for which the compensation was offered, whether he is a Muslim or a disbeliever, from the army or someone else. If the compensation is offered from what is under his control, it must be known; because it is a wage (ja'ala) in exchange for known property, so it must be known, like the compensation for returning a runaway slave. If the compensation is from the property of the disbelievers, it is permissible for it to be unknown to a degree that does not prevent delivery and does not lead to dispute; because the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) assigned to the detachment a third or a fourth of what they captured, and it was unknown, as the entire spoils were unknown. Also, because it is something for which there is a need, and compensation is only permissible according to the need. If he promised him a specific slave girl if he guided him to a fortress that he would conquer, for instance, if he promised him the daughter of a man he specified from among the people of the fortress, he would not be entitled to anything until he conquered the fortress; because the compensation for a part of it necessitated the stipulation of
(23) In M: "falam yara" (he did not see). (24) In A: "yabdhal" (he offers). (25) In A: "sahla" (easy). (26) Its source has been cited previously, in: 8/5. (27) In A: "li-annahu" (because it). (28) In the original and M: "minhu" (from it). (29) In M: "iqtadat" (it necessitated).
الرُّومِ، فله دينارٌ. يُريده لطَعامِ السَّبْىِ، ما تَرَى في أخْذِ الدينار؟ [فما رأى] (٢٣) به بَأْسا. قيل: فالإِمامُ يُخْرِجُ السَّرِيَّةَ وقد نفَّلَهم جميعًا، فلمَّا كان يومُ الْمَغارِ نادَى: مَنْ جاءَ بعشرةِ رُءوسٍ، فله رأسٌ، ومَنْ جاءَ بكذا، فله كذا. فيَذْهبُ الناسُ فيطلبون، فما تَرَى في هذا النَّفَل؟ قال: لا بَأْسَ به، إذا كان يُحَرِّضُهم على ذلك، ما لم يسْتَغْرِقِ الثُّلثَ. قلتُ: فلا بأْسَ بنَفَلَيْن في شيءٍ واحد؟ قال: نَعَمْ، ما لم يسْتَغْرِقِ الثُّلثَ. غيرَ مرَّةٍ سمعتُه يقولُ ذلك.
فصل: ويجوزُ للإِمامِ ونائبِه أنْ يَبْذُلا (٢٤) جُعْلًا لمَنْ يدُلُّه على ما فيه مصلَحَةٌ للمسلمين، مثل طريق سَهْلٍ (٢٥)، أو ماءٍ في مَفازةٍ، أو قلعةٍ يفْتَحُها، أو مالٍ يأخذُه، أو عَدُوٍّ يُغِيرُ عليه، أو ثَغْرَةٍ يدْخُلُ منها. لا نعلمُ في هذا خلافًا؛ لأنَّه جُعْلٌ في مصلحةٍ، فجازَ، كأُجْرَةِ الدَّليلِ، وقد اسْتَأْجَرَ النَّبِىُّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- وأبو بكرٍ في الهِجْرَةِ مَن دَلَّهُم على الطريقِ (٢٦). ويَسْتَحِقُّ الجُعْلَ بفِعْلِ ما جُعِلَ له الجُعْلُ فيه، سواءٌ كان مسلمًا أو كافرًا، من الجيشِ أو من غيرِه. فإنْ جُعِلَ له الجُعْلُ ممَّا في يدِه، وجَبَ أنْ يكونَ معلومًا؛ لأنَّها (٢٧) جَعالةٌ بعِوَضٍ من مالٍ معلومٍ، فوَجَبَ أنْ يكونَ معلومًا، كالجَعَالةِ في رَدِّ الآبِقِ، وإنْ كان الجُعْلُ من مالِ الكُفَّارِ، جازَ أنْ يكونَ مجهولًا جَهالَةً لا تَمْنَعُ التَّسْليمَ، ولا تُفْضِى إلى التَّنازُعِ؛ لأنّ النَّبِيَّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- جعَلَ للسَّرِيَّةِ الثُّلثَ والرُّبعَ ممَّا غَنِمُوه، وهو مجهولٌ؛ لأنَّ الغَنِيمةَ كلَّها مجهولَةٌ، ولأنَّه ممَّا تدْعُو الحاجةُ إليه، والْجَعالةُ إنَّما تجوزُ بحسَبِ الحاجَةِ، فإن جعلَ له جاريةً مُعَيَّنَةً إنْ دَلَّه على قلعةٍ يفتحُها، مثل أن جعلَ له بنتَ رجُلٍ عيَّنَه من أهْلِ القَلْعَةِ، لم يسْتحِقَّ شيئًا حتى يفتحَ القلعةَ؛ لأنَّ جَعالةَ شيءٍ منها (٢٨) اقْتَضَى (٢٩) اشْتِراطَ
(٢٣) في م: "فلم ير".(٢٤) في أ: "يبذل".(٢٥) في أ: "سهلة".(٢٦) تقدم تخريجه، في: ٨/ ٥.(٢٧) في أ: "لأنه".(٢٨) في الأصل، م: "منه".(٢٩) في م: "اقتضت".
