Section: If he swore regarding her that she shall not go out of this house except with his permission, and she ascended to its roof or went out to its courtyard, he does not break his oath, because she did not go out of the house. If he swore that she shall not go out of the building (bayt), and she went out to the courtyard or to its roof, he breaks his oath. This is the requirement of the school of Al-Shafi'i, Abu Thawr, and the People of Opinion (Ashab al-Ra'y). If he swore against his wife that she shall not go out, then he carried her and took her out, if it was possible for her to resist but she did not resist, he breaks his oath. Al-Shafi'i said: He does not break his oath, because she did not go out, rather she was taken out. Our view is that she went out by choice, so he breaks his oath, just as if she had ordered someone to carry her. The proof of her going out is that going out is the separation from the inside to the outside, and that has occurred. What he mentioned is invalidated by [the case] where she orders someone to carry her. As for if it was not possible for her to resist, it is possible that he does not break his oath. This is the opinion of Al-Shafi'i, Abu Thawr, and the People of Opinion, because the going out is not attributed to her, so it resembles the case where someone other than the swearer carries her. It is also possible that he does break his oath, because he is a voluntary agent for the act he swore to abandon. If he swore, "You shall not go out except with the permission of Zayd," and Zayd died without having given permission, and she went out, the swearer breaks his oath, because he suspended it on a condition that was not met, and it is not permissible to perform the conditional act.
1843 - Issue: He said: "And if he swore not to eat these fresh dates, but then ate them as dried dates, he breaks his oath. Likewise [is] everything that is generated from those fresh dates."
the totality of this is that if he swears regarding a thing that he specifies by pointing, such as if he swears not to eat these fresh dates, it does not lack one of two states: The first is that he eats them as fresh dates, in which case he breaks his oath, without disagreement among...
(13) Omitted from M. (14) In B and M: "he carried her". (15) The conjunction 'wa' (and) is omitted from B and M. (16) In the original, A, and B: "they mentioned it". (17) In M there is an addition: "Ashab" (the followers of). (18) In the original: "and it is possible". (1) Omitted from M.
فصل: فإنْ حَلَفَ عليها أَنْ لا تَخْرُجَ من هذه الدَّارِ إِلَّا بإذْنِه، فصعَدَتْ سَطْحَها، أو خَرَجَت إلى صَحْنِها، لم يَحْنَثْ، لأَنَّها لم تَخْرُجْ من الدَّارِ. وإِنْ حَلَفَ أن (١٣) لا تَخْرُجَ من البَيْتِ، فخَرَجَت إلى الصَّحْنِ، أو إلى سَطْحِه، حَنِثَ. وهذا مُقْتَضَى مذهبِ الشافِعِىِّ، وأبى ثَوْرٍ، وأصْحابِ الرّأْىِ. ولو حَلَفَ على زَوْجَتِه أن (١٣) لا تخرجَ، ثم احْتَمَلَها (١٤) فأَخْرَجَها، فإنْ أمْكَنَها الامْتِنَاعُ فلم تَمْتَنِعْ، حَنِثَ. وقالٍ الشافِعِىُّ: لا يَحْنَثُ؛ لأَنَّها لم تخرُجْ، وإنَّما (١٥) أُخْرِجَتْ. ولَنا، أنَّها خَرَجَت مُخْتارَةً، فحَنِثَ، كما لو أَمَرَتْ مَنْ حَمَلَها، والدَّلِيلُ على خُروجِها، أَنَّ الخُروجَ الانْفِصالُ من داخِلٍ إلى خارِجٍ، وقد وُجِدَ ذلك. وما ذَكَرَه (١٦) يبْطُلُ بما إذا أَمَرَتْ مَنْ حَمَلَها، فأمَّا إِنْ لم يُمْكِنْها الامْتِناعُ، فيَحْتَمِلُ أَنْ لا يَحْنَثَ. وهو قولُ (١٧) الشافِعِىِّ، وأبى ثَوْرٍ، وأصْحابِ الرَّأْىِ؛ لأنَّ الخروجَ لا يُنْسَبُ إليها، فأشْبَهَ ما لو حَمَلَها غيرُ الحالِفِ. ويحْتَمِلُ (١٨) أَنْ يَحْنَثَ؛ لأَنَّه مُخْتارٌ لفِعْلِ ما حَلَفَ على تَرْكِه. وإِنْ حَلَفَ أَنْ (١٣) لا تَخْرُجِى إِلَّا بإذْنِ زيدٍ، فماتَ زيدٌ ولم يأذَنْ، فخَرَجَت، حَنِثَ الحالِفُ؛ لأَنَّه عَلَّقَه على شَرْطٍ، ولم يُوجَدْ، ولا يجوزُ فِعْلُ المَشْرُوطِ.
١٨٤٣ - مسألة؛ قال: (وَلَوْ حَلَفَ أَنْ لَا يَأْكُلَ هذَا الرُّطَبَ، فأَكَلَه تَمْرًا، حَنِثَ. وكَذلِكَ كُلُّ مَا تَوَلَّدَ مِنْ ذلِك الرُّطَبِ)
وجملةُ ذلك أنَّه إذا حَلَفَ على شىءٍ عَيَّنَه بالإِشارَةِ، مثل أَنْ حَلَفَ أن (١) لا يَأْكُلَ هذا الرُّطَبَ، لم يَخْلُ من حالَيْنِ؛ أحَدُهما، أَنْ يَأْكُلَه رُطَبًا، فيَحْنَثَ، بلا خِلافٍ بين
(١٣) سقط من: م.(١٤) فى ب، م: "حملها".(١٥) سقطت الواو من: ب، م.(١٦) فى الأصل، أ، ب: "ذكروه".(١٧) فى م زيادة: "أصحاب".(١٨) فى الأصل: "واحتمل".(١) سقط من: م.
