for that is neither eating nor drinking. According to the statement of al-Khiraqi, he would violate his oath, because he has consumed it and it has reached his throat and belly, so he violates his oath according to what we said concerning one who swears not to eat something but drinks it, or not to drink it but eats it. If he swears not to eat sugar, leaves it in his mouth until it melts, and swallows it, it is derived from the two narrations. If he swears not to taste anything, he violates his oath by eating, drinking, or sucking, because all of that is tasting (ta'm). Allah the Exalted said regarding the river: "And whoever does not taste it" (Quran 2:249). If he swears not to eat it or not to drink it, but tastes it, he does not violate his oath according to all of them, because it is not eating or drinking, and for this reason, the fasting person does not break his fast by it. If he swears not to taste it, but eats, drinks, or sucks it, he violates his oath, because it is tasting and more. If he chews it and throws it away, he violates his oath, because he has indeed tasted it.
Section: If he swears that he will definitely eat an akla (a single meal/eating) with a fat-ha (vowel mark), he does not fulfill his oath until he eats what people count as an akla, which is the single instance of eating. An ukla (with a damma vowel mark) is the morsel (luqma), and from this is: "Let him give him in his hand an ukla or two."
1849 - Issue: He said: (And whoever swears by divorce not to eat a date, and it fell among other dates, and he ate one of them, he is prevented from having intercourse with his wife until he verifies that it is not the one regarding which the oath was sworn, and his violation is not established until he eats all the dates.)
The general point is that the swearer of this oath has three possible scenarios: (3) The first is that he verifies the eating of the specific date that was sworn about, [either by] knowing it by its essence or by its description, or by eating all the dates, or all the side in which it fell. In this case, he violates his oath, without disagreement among the scholars. This is the view of al-Shafi'i, Abu Thawr, Ibn al-Mundhir, and the scholars of reason (Ashab al-Ra'y), because he has eaten the specific date that was sworn about.
(13) In B: "and caused it to reach". (14) In M: "his belly and his throat, so he violates his oath". (15) In A and B: "we said it". (16) Surah al-Baqarah 249. (17) Omitted from M. (18) Its takhrij (authentication) was previously mentioned in 11/436. Added to it: It was also extracted by al-Bukhari, in the chapter: "If his servant brings him his food," from the Book of Manumission (Kitab al-'Itq). Sahih al-Bukhari 3/197. (1) In B and M: "a date". (2) In the original, A, and M: "knows". (3) In the original and A: "three".
لأنَّ ذلك ليس بأَكْلٍ ولا شُرْبٍ. ويَجِىءُ على قَوْلِ الخِرَقِىَّ، أنَّه يَحْنَثُ؛ لأنَّه قد تَناوَلَه، ووَصَلَ (١٣) إلى [حَلْقِه وبَطْنِه، فيحْنَثُ] (١٤)، على ما قُلنا (١٥) فى مَن حَلَفَ لا يأكُلُ شيئًا فشَرِبَه، أو لا يَشْرَبُه فأَكَلَه. وإِنْ حَلَفَ لا يَأْكُلُ سُكَّرًا، فتَرَكَه فى فِيه حتى ذابَ، وابْتَلَعَه، خُرِّجَ على الرِّوايَتَيْن. وإِنْ حلَفَ لا يَطْعَمُ شيئًا، حَنِثَ بالأَكْلِ والشُّرْبِ والْمَصِّ؛ لأَنَّ ذلك كُلَّه طُعْمٌ، قال اللَّه تعالَى فى النَّهْرِ: {وَمَنْ لَمْ يَطْعَمْهُ} (١٦). وإِنْ حَلَفَ لا يَأْكُلُه، أو لا يَشْرَبُه، فذاقَه، لم يَحْنَثْ، فى قولِهم جميعًا؛ لأَنَّه ليس بأكْلٍ ولا شُرْبٍ، ولذلك لم يُفْطِرْ به الصَّائِمُ. وإِنْ حَلَفَ لا يذُوقُه، فأَكَلَه أو شَرِبَه، أو مَصَّهُ، حَنِثَ؛ لأنَّه ذَوْقٌ وزيادَةٌ، وإِنْ مَضَغَه ورَمَى به، حَنِثَ؛ لأنَّه قد ذاقَهُ.
فصل: وإِنْ حَلَفَ ليَأْكُلَن أَكْلَةً، بالفَتْحِ، لم يَبَرَّ حتى يأْكُلَ ما يَعُدُّه الناسُ أَكْلَةً، وهى الْمَرَّةُ من [الأكْلِ، و] (١٧) الأُكْلَةُ، بالضَّمِّ، اللُّقْمَة، ومنه: "فَلْيُنَاوِلْهُ فِى يَدِهِ أُكْلَةً، أَوْ أُكْلَتَيْنِ" (١٨).
١٨٤٩ - مسألة؛ قال: (وَمَنْ حَلَفَ بِالطَّلَاقِ ألَّا يَأْكُلَ تَمْرَةً، فَوَقَعَتْ فِى تَمْرٍ (١)، فَأَكَلَ مِنْهُ وَاحِدةً، مُنِعَ مِنْ وَطْءِ زَوْجَتِه حَتَّى يَتَحَقَّقَ (٢) أنَّها لَيْسَتِ الَّتِى وَقَعَتِ الْيمِينُ عَلَيْهَا، ولَا يَتَحَقَّقُ حِنْثُهُ حَتَّى يأْكُلَ التَّمْرَ كُلَّهُ)
وجملَتُه أَنَّ حالِفَ هذه اليَمِينِ لا يَخْلُو مِن أَحْوالٍ ثلاثَةٍ (٣)؛ أحَدُها، أَنْ يَتَحَقَّقَ أكْلُ
(١٣) فى ب: "وأوصله".(١٤) فى م: "بطنه وحلقه فإنه يحنث".(١٥) فى أ، ب: "قلناه".(١٦) سورة البقرة ٢٤٩.(١٧) سقط من: م.(١٨) تقدم تخريجه، فى: ١١/ ٤٣٦. ويضاف إليه: وأخرجه البخارى أيضًا، فى: باب إذا أتاه خادمه بطعامه، من كتاب العتق. صحيح البخارى ٣/ ١٩٧.(١) فى ب، م: "تمرة".(٢) فى الأصل، أ، م: "يعلم".(٣) فى الأصل، أ: "ثلاث".
