He shall then head to the congregational mosque to perform two rak'ahs, just as the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) used to do upon entering Medina (47). He should ask Allah, the Exalted, for guidance, preservation, and assistance, and that He may make his work righteous and pure for His sake, without associating anyone in it. He should entrust his affairs to Allah, the Exalted, and rely upon Him. He shall command his herald to proclaim in the city: 'So-and-so has arrived to be your judge, so gather for the reading of his appointment decree at such-and-such time.' He shall then proceed to the residence prepared for him, which should be in the center of the city, so that the inhabitants of the city (48) are on equal footing regarding access to him, and so that it is not difficult for any of them to reach him. Once they have gathered, he shall have his appointment decree read to them so that they are aware of his appointment, and they may come to him. He shall set a day for the people on which he will sit to adjudicate, then he shall return to his residence. The first order of business (49) regarding his judicial affairs is that he shall send for the dismissed judge to collect the register of judgments from him. This includes the records of the people's proceedings, which are copies of what was established before the judge; the judicial records (sijillat), which are copies of what he has ruled; and any proofs or documents of the people that were deposited in the registry of judgments, which were in his possession by virtue of his office. Once the authority transfers to another, he must hand them over to him, so they may be deposited in his registry. Then, on the day he promised to sit, he shall go to his place of judgment in the most perfect (50) and moderate state, free from anger, intense hunger, thirst, extreme joy or excessive sadness, great worry, painful ailment, the urge to relieve oneself of excrement or urine, or drowsiness that overwhelms the heart. This is so that he may be most collected in heart, most present in mind, and most effective in his vigilance for the truth and his discernment of the proper opinion. For this reason, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "A judge shall not adjudicate between two people while he is angry" (51). He specifically mentioned anger, and alerted to the meaning of other factors as we have mentioned.
(47) Recorded by al-Bukhari, in: 'Chapter: Prayer upon arriving from a journey,' from the Book of Jihad. Sahih al-Bukhari 4/94. Muslim, in: 'Chapter: The desirability of two rak'ahs in the mosque...,' from the Book of the Traveler's Prayer. Sahih Muslim 1/946. Abu Dawud, in: 'Chapter: On prayer when arriving from a journey.' Sunan Abi Dawud 2/82. Al-Hakim, in: 'Book of Knowing the Companions.' Al-Mustadrak 3/155. Imam Ahmad, in: Al-Musnad 3/455. Al-Bayhaqi, in: 'Chapter: Prayer upon arrival,' from the Book of Hajj. Al-Sunan al-Kubra 5/261. (48) In M: "al-madina" (the city). (49) In B: "bihi" (with it). (50) In M: "halatan" (state). (51) Recorded by al-Bukhari, in: 'Chapter: Should a judge adjudicate or issue a legal opinion while angry?' from the Book of Judgments. Sahih al-Bukhari 9/82. Muslim, in: 'Chapter: The detestability of a judge adjudicating while angry,' from the Book of Judicial Decisions. Sahih Muslim 3/1342, 1343. Abu Dawud, in: 'Chapter: The judge adjudicating while angry,' from the Book of Judicial Decisions. Sunan Abi Dawud 2/271. Al-Tirmidhi, in: 'Chapter: What has been said about a judge not adjudicating while angry,' from the Chapters on Judgments. 'Aridat al-Ahwadhi 6/77, 78. =