And we do not know of any disagreement among the Companions regarding this. Once this is established, his disciplinary punishment is not predetermined, but rather it is entrusted to the opinion of the judge (8). If he deems it appropriate by lashing, he lashes him. If he deems it appropriate by imprisonment, exposing his head, humiliating him, or rebuking him, he does so, provided he does not exceed ten lashes in his whipping. Al-Shafi'i said: He shall not exceed thirty-nine lashes, so that he does not reach the minimum of the fixed legal penalties (hudud). Ibn Abi Layla said: He is whipped seventy-five lashes, and this is one of the two opinions of Abu Yusuf. Al-Awza'i said regarding the witnesses of divorce: They are each whipped one hundred lashes and pay the dowry. Our position is the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him): "No one shall be whipped more than ten lashes except in a case involving one of the penalties (hudud) of Allah Almighty." It is agreed upon (9). Al-Qasim and Salim said: He is struck seven times. Shurayh said: He is whipped several lashes (10). As for his exposure among the people, he is made to stand in his marketplace (11) if he is from the people of the market, or in his tribe if he is from the tribesmen, or in his mosque if he is from the people of the mosques, and the one assigned to him says: "The judge sends you greetings and says: This is a false witness, so recognize him." This is the school of al-Shafi'i. A false witness was brought to al-Walid ibn Abd al-Malik (12), so he ordered his tongue to be cut. Al-Qasim and Salim were with him, and they said: "Glory be to Allah! It is sufficient for him [to be struck] (14) seven times, and for him to be stood up after the Asr prayer, and for it to be said: 'This is Abu Qubays, we found him to be a false witness.'" So he did that to him (15). His face is not to be blackened, he is not to be paraded (on a mount), and he is not to be forced to announce it against himself. It has been narrated from Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) that he is whipped forty lashes, his face is blackened, and his imprisonment is prolonged. Reported by Imam Ahmad (16). Sawwar said: He is grabbed by his garment (17) and paraded around.
(8) In B: "the Imam". (9) Its verification was previously mentioned in 12/524. (10) Akhbar al-Qudat 1/309. (11) In M: "market". (12) In A, B, and M: "of falsehood" (al-zur). (13) Omitted from A. (14) Omitted from M. (15) Omitted from M. (16) Reported by al-Bayhaqi in: Chapter on what is done to the false witness, from the Book of the Judge's Etiquette, Al-Sunan al-Kubra 10/142. And by Abd al-Razzaq in: Chapter on the punishment of the false witness, from the Book of Testimony, Al-Musannaf 8/326, 327. We did not find it in: Al-Musnad. (17) Yulabbab: meaning his clothes are gathered at his throat and he is dragged by them.
نَعْرِف له فى الصَّحابةِ مُخالفًا. وإذا ثبتَ هذا، فإِنَّ تأْديبَه غيرُ مَقْدورٍ، وإنَّما هو مُفَوَّضٌ إلى رَأْىِ الحاكِم (٨)، إِنْ رأَى ذلك بالجَلْدِ جَلَدَه، وإن رآه بحَبْسٍ أو كَشْفِ رأسِه وإهانتِه وتَوْبيخِه، فعَل ذلك، ولا يَزِيدُ فى جَلْدِه على عَشرِ جَلَداتٍ. وقال الشافعىُّ: لا يَزيدُ على تِسْعٍ وثلاثين، لئلَّا يبْلُغَ به أَدْنَى الحُدودِ. وقال ابنُ أبى ليلَى: يُجْلَدُ خمسةً وسبعين سوطًا. وهو أحدُ قَوْلَى أبى يوسفَ. وقال الأَوْزاعِىُّ، فى شاهِدَى الطَّلاقِ: يُجْلَدان مائةً مائةً، ويَغْرَمان الصَّداقَ. ولَنا، قولُ النَّبِىِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "لَا يُجْلَدُ أَحَدٌ فَوْقَ عَشْرِ جَلَدَاتٍ، إِلَّا فِى حَدٍّ مِن حُدُودِ اللَّهِ تَعَالى". مُتَّفَقٌ عليه (٩). وقال القاسمُ، وسالمٌ: يُخْفَقُ سَبْعَ خَفَقاتٍ. وقال شُرَيْحٌ: يُجلَدُ أسواطًا (١٠). فأمَّا شُهْرَتُه بينَ الناسِ، فإنَّه يُوقَفُ فى سُوقِه (١١) إِنْ كان من أهلِ السُّوقِ، أو قَبِيلتِه إن كان من أهلِ القبائلِ، أو فى مَسْجدِه إن كان من أهلِ المساجدِ، ويقولُ الموكَّلُ به: إنَّ الحاكمَ يقْرأ عليكم السَّلامَ، ويقولُ: هذا شاهِدُ زُورٍ، فاعْرِفوه. وهذا مذهبُ الشَّافعىِّ. وأُتِىَ الوليدُ بنُ عبدِ الملكِ بشاهدِ زورٍ (١٢)، فأمرَ بقَطعِ لسانِه، وعندَه القاسمُ وسالمٌ، فقالا: سبحانَ اللَّهِ، بحَسْبِه (١٣) [أَنْ يُخْفقَ] (١٤) سَبْعَ خَفَقاتٍ، ويُقامَ بعدَ العَصرِ، فيُقالَ: هذا أبو قُبَيْسٍ، وجَدْناه شاهدَ زُورٍ. ففعلَ ذلك (١٥) به. ولا يُسَخَّمُ وَجْهُه، ولا يُرْكَبُ، ولا يُكلَّفُ أن يُنادِىَ على نَفْسِه. وقد رُوِىَ عن عمرَ، رضىَ اللَّهُ عنه، أنَّه يُجلَدُ أربعينَ جلدةً، ويُسَخَّمُ وَجْهُه، ويُطالُ حَبْسُه. روَاه الإِمامُ أحمدُ (١٦). وقال سَوَّارٌ: يُلَبَّبُ (١٧)، ويُدارُ به على
(٨) فى ب: "الإِمام".(٩) تقدم تخريجه، فى: ١٢/ ٥٢٤.(١٠) أخبار القضاة ١/ ٣٠٩.(١١) فى م: "سوق".(١٢) فى أ، ب، م: "الزور".(١٣) سقط من: أ.(١٤) سقط من: م.(١٥) سقط من: م.(١٦) وأخرجه البيهقى، فى: باب ما يُفعل بشاهد الزور، من كتاب آداب القاضى. السنن الكبرى ١٠/ ١٤٢. وعبد الرزاق، فى: باب عقوبة شاهد الزور، من كتاب الشهادات. المصنف ٨/ ٣٢٦، ٣٢٧. ولم نجده فى: المسند.(١٧) يُلبَّب: أى تجمع ثيابه عند نحره ويجر بها.
