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Al-Mughni by Ibn Qudama - Edited by Al-Turki
Volume 14 · Page 292Section

Translation · EN

Section: If the house is in the possession (39) of four people, and one of them claims all of it, the second claims two-thirds of it, the third claims half of it, and the fourth claims a third of it, and they have no evidence, each one shall take an oath and shall have one-fourth of it; because it (40) is in their possession, and the statement is that of the possessor when supported by his oath. If each one of them provides evidence for what he claimed, it is divided among them in fourths as well; for if we say: the evidence of the possessor is prioritized, then each one of them is a possessor of one-fourth of it, so his evidence is prioritized regarding it. If we say: the evidence of the non-possessor is prioritized, then when two men claim an asset in the possession of someone else, and he denies both of them, and each one of them produces evidence for his claim, the two evidences conflict, and the thing is kept in the possession of the one who currently holds it. If the house is in the possession of a fifth person who does not claim it, and none of them has evidence for what he claimed, then a third belongs to the claimant of the whole, because no one disputes him regarding it, and lots are drawn among them for the remainder. If the lot falls to the owner of the whole or the claimant of the two-thirds, he takes it. If it falls to the claimant of the half, he takes it, and lots are drawn among the remainder for what is left. If it falls to the owner of the third, he takes it, and lots are drawn among the three for the remaining third. This is the opinion of Abu 'Ubayd and al-Shafi'i when he was in Iraq, except that they expressed it with another phrasing, saying: the claimant of the whole gets a third, and lots are drawn between him and the claimant of the two-thirds for the sixth that is in addition to the half; then lots are drawn between them and the claimant of the half for the sixth that is in addition to the third; then lots are drawn among the four for the remaining third, and the drawing of lots occurs in three places. According to the other narration, the third is for the claimant of the whole, and the sixth that is in addition to the half is divided between him and the claimant of the two-thirds; then the sixth that is in addition to the third is divided among them and the claimant of the half in thirds; then the remaining third is divided among the four in fourths. The issue is valid from thirty-six parts: for the owner of the whole is its third, twelve; and the half of the sixth in addition to (41) the half is three; and the third of the sixth in addition to the third is two parts; and the fourth of the remaining third is three; so he obtains twenty parts, which is five-ninths of the house. For the claimant of the two-thirds are eight parts, two-ninths, which is the same as what the claimant of the whole has after the third he held exclusively; for the claimant of the half are five parts, a ninth and a quarter of a ninth; and for the claimant of the third are three, half a sixth (42). According to the opinion of one who divided it according to the 'awl, it is from fifteen.

Notes

(39) In A: "yaday" (dual). (40) In M: "li-annaha" (because it, feminine). (41) In B and M: "ala" (upon). (42) In B and M: "al-sudus" (the sixth).

Arabic (Source)

فصل: فإِنْ كانَتِ الدَّارُ فى أيْدِى (٣٩) أربعةٍ، فادَّعَى أحدُهم جمِيعَها، والثَّانِى ثُلثَيْها، والثَّالِثُ نِصْفَها، والرَّابعُ ثُلْثَها، ولا بَيِّنَةَ لهم، حَلَفَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ وله رُبْعُها؛ لأنَّه (٤٠) فى يَدِه، والقَوْلُ قَوْلُ صاحِب اليَدِ مع يَمِينه. وإِنْ أقامَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ منهم بما ادَّعاهُ بَيِّنَةً، قُسِمتْ بينهمِ أرْباعًا أيضًا؛ لأَنَّنا إِنْ قُلْنَا: تُقَدَّمُ بَيِّنَةُ الدَّاخِلِ. فكُلُّ وَاحِدٍ منهم دَاخِلٌ فى رُبْعِها، فتُقدَّم بَيِّنَتُه فيه. وإِنْ قُلْنَا: تُقَدَّمُ بَيِّنَةُ الخَارِجِ. فإِنَّ الرَّجُلَيْن إذا ادَّعَيا عَيْنًا فى يَد غيرِهما، فأنْكَرَهما، وأقامَ كلُّ واحِدٍ منهما بَيِّنَةً بدَعْوَاهُ، تعَارَضَتَا، وأُقِرَّ الشىءُ فى يَدِ مَنْ هو فى يَدِه. وإِنْ كانَتِ الدَّارُ فى يَدِ خامسٍ لا يدَّعِيها، ولا بَيِّنةَ لواحِدٍ منهم بما ادَّعاهُ، فالثُّلثُ لِمُدَّعِى الكُلِّ؛ لأنَّ أحَدًا لا يُنازِعُه فيه، ويُقْرَعُ بينهم فى الباقِى، فإنْ خَرَجَتِ القُرْعَةُ لصاحِبِ الكُلِّ، أو لِمُدَّعِى الثُّلثَيْن، أخَذَه، وإِنْ وَقَعَتْ لِمُدَّعِى النِّصْفِ، أخَذَه، وأُقْرِعَ بينَ الباقِين فى الباقِى، وإن وَقَعَتْ لصاحِبِ الثُّلث، أخَذَه، وأُقْرِعَ بين الثَّلَاثَة فى الثُّلثِ الباقى. وهذا قَوْلُ أبى عُبَيْد، والشَّافِعِىِّ إذ كان بالعراقِ، إِلَّا أنَّهم عَبَّرُوا عنه بعبارَةٍ أُخْرَى، فقالوا: لِمُدَّعِى الكُلِّ الثُّلثُ، ويُقْرَع بينَه وبينَ مُدَّعِى الثُّلُثَيْن فى السُّدس الزَّائِدِ عن النِّصْفِ، ثم يُقْرَعُ بينهما وبينَ مُدَّعِى النِّصْف فى السُّدس الزَّائدِ عن الثُّلثِ، ثم يُقْرَعُ بين الأربعةِ فى الثُّلُثِ الباقِى، ويكونُ الإِقْرَاعُ فى ثلاثةِ مواضِعَ. وعلى الرِّوَايةِ الأُخْرَى، الثُّلثُ لِمُدَّعِى الكُلِّ، ويُقْسَمُ السُّدسُ الزَّائِدُ عن النِّصْفِ بيْنَه وبينَ مُدَّعى الثُّلثَيْن، ثم يُقْسَمُ السُّدسُ الزَّائِدُ عن الثُّلثِ بينهما وبينَ مُدَّعِى النِّصْفِ أثْلاثًا، ثم يُقْسَمُ الثُّلثُ البَاقِى بين الأَربعةِ أرْباعًا، وتَصِحُّ المَسْأَلَة من سِتَّةٍ وثلاِثين سَهْمًا، لصاحِبِ الكُلِّ ثُلثُها اثْنا عشرَ، ونِصْفُ السُّدسِ الزَّائِدِ عن (٤١) النِّصْفِ ثَلاثَةٌ، وثُلثُ السُّدسِ لزَّائِدِ عن الثُّلُثِ سَهْمَان، ورُبعُ الثُّلثِ الباقِى ثلاثةٌ، فيحْصُلُ له عشرون سَهْمًا، وهى خمسةُ أتساعِ الدَّارِ. ولِمُدَّعِى الثُّلثيْن ثَمانِيةُ أسْهُمٍ، تُسْعان وهى مثلُ ما لِمُدَّعِى الكلِّ بعد الثُّلثِ الذى انْفَرَد به، ولِمُدَّعِى النِّصْفِ خمسةُ أسْهُمٍ، تُسْعٌ ورُبْعُ تُسْعٍ، ولِمُدَّعِى الثُّلثِ ثلاثةٌ، نِصْفُ سُدسٍ (٤٢). وعلى قَوْلِ مَنْ قَسَمَها على العَوْلِ، هى من خمسةَ

Notes

(٣٩) فى أ: "يدى".(٤٠) فى م: "لأنها".(٤١) فى ب، م: "على".(٤٢) فى ب، م: "السدس".

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