And if the claimant has evidence, the judge shall hear it and pass judgment based on it. The absent party, upon arriving, has the right to impugn the claimant’s evidence and to present evidence testifying to the transfer of ownership to him from the claimant. If he produces evidence that it is his property, is judgment passed based on it? There are two views, based on whether the evidence of the 'possessor' (al-dakhil) or the 'outsider' (al-kharij) is prioritized. If we say: the evidence of the 'outsider' is prioritized, and the absent party produces evidence testifying to his ownership and the breeding [of the animal] or a cause of ownership, is his evidence heard and judgment passed based on it? There are two views. And if the acknowledger has evidence that testifies to it for the absent party, the judge shall hear it but not pass judgment based on it; because the evidence is for the absent party, and the absent party did not claim it, nor did his agent; rather, the judge heard it for the benefit it contains, which is the removal of suspicion from the present party and the dropping of the oath from him if the claimant alleged against him, 'You know that it is mine.' It is derived that judgment may be passed based on it if we hold the view that the evidence of the 'possessor' is prioritized, and that the present party has a right in it; for then it is judged by it, unanimously. And whenever the one who acknowledged it for another returns to claim it for himself, his claim shall not be heard; because he acknowledged that he does not own it, so his retraction of his acknowledgment shall not be heard. The ruling regarding the non-competent person is like the ruling regarding the absent party, according to what we have mentioned.
(19) In A, B, and M: "with the claimant". (20) Missing from: B. Editorial remark. (21) In the original, B, and M: "and the outsider". (22) Missing from: M. Editorial remark. (23) In M: "it is derived". (24) Missing from: B, M. (25) Missing from: The original, A, B.
وإِنْ كان للمُدَّعِى (١٩) بَيِّنَةٌ، [سَمِعَها الحاكمُ، وقَضَى بها، وكان الغَائِبُ على خُصُومَتِه، متى حَضَرَ، له أَنْ يَقْدَحَ فى بَيِّنَةِ المُدَّعِى، وأنْ يقِيمَ بَيِّنَةً] (٢٠) تَشْهَدُ بانْتقِالِ المِلْكِ إليه من المُدَّعِى. وإن أقامَ بَيِّنَةً أنَّها مِلْكُه، فهل يُقْضَى بها؟ على وَجْهَيْن؛ بِناءً على تقْدِيمِ بَيِّنَةِ الدَّاخِل أو الخَارِجِ (٢١)؛ فإنْ قُلْنا: تُقدَّمُ بَيِّنَةُ الخَارِجِ. فأقَامَ الغَائِبُ بَيِّنَةً تشْهَدُ له بالمِلْكِ والنِّتاجِ، أو سَبَبٍ من أَسْبابِ المِلْكِ، فهل تُسْمَعُ بَيِّنَتُه، ويُقْضَى بها؟ على وَجْهَيْن. وإِنْ كان مع المُقِرِّ بَيِّنَةٌ تَشْهَدُ بها للغَائِبِ، سَمِعَها الحاكمُ، ولم يَقْضِ بها؛ لأنَّ البَيِّنَةَ. للغَائِبِ، والغَائِبُ لم يَدَّعِها هو ولا وَكِيلُه، وإنَّما سَمِعَها الحاكمُ؛ لما فيها من الفائِدَةِ، وهو زَوَالُ التُّهْمَةِ عن الحاضِرِ، وسُقُوطُ اليَمِينِ عنه، إذا ادَّعَى عليه أَنَّك تعْلَمُ أنَّها لى. ويتخَرَّجُ أَنْ يُقضَى بها، إذا قُلْنا بتَقْدِيمِ بَيِّنَةِ الدَّاخِلِ، وإنَّ للمُودَعِ المخَاصَمَةَ فى الوَدِيعَةِ إذا غُصِبَتْ. ولأنَّها بَيِّنَةٌ مَسْمُوعَةٌ، فيُقْضى بها، كبَيِّنَةِ المُدَّعِىٍ إذا لم تُعَارِضْها بَيِّنَةٌ أُخْرَى. فإنْ ادَّعَى مَنْ هى فى يَدِه، أنَّها معه بإجَارَةٍ أو عَارِيَّةٍ، وأقامَ بَيِّنَةً بالمِلْكِ للغائِبِ، لم يُقْضَ بها؛ لوَجْهَيْن؛ أحدُهما، أَنَّ ثُبُوتَ الإِجَارَةِ والعَارِيَّةِ يتَرَتَّبُ على المِلْكِ للمُؤْجِرِ، [ولا يُمْكِنُ ثُبوت المِلْكِ للمُؤْجِرِ] (٢٢) بهذه البَيِّنَةِ، فلا تثْبُتُ الإِجَارَةُ المتَرَتِّبَةُ عليها. والثانى، أَنَّ بَيِّنَةَ الخَارِجِ مُقَدَّمَةٌ على بَيِّنَةِ الدَّاخِلِ، ويتَخَرَّجُ (٢٣) القَضاءُ بها على رِوايةِ (٢٤) تَقْدِيمِ بَيِّنَةِ الدَّاخِلِ، وكوْنِ الحَاضِرِ له فيها حَقٌّ؛ [فإنَّه يُقضَى بها، وَجْهًا واحِدًا] (٢٥). ومتى عاد المُقِرُّ بها لغيْرِه، فادَّعاها لنَفْسِه، لم تُسْمَعْ دَعْوَاهُ؛ لأنَّه أَقَرَّ بأنَّه لا يمْلِكُها، فلا يُسْمَعُ منه الرُّجُوعُ عن إِقْرَارِهِ. والحكْمُ فى غيرِ المُكَلَّفِ، كالحُكْمِ فى الغَائِبِ، على ما ذكَرْنَا.
(١٩) فى أ، ب، م: "مع المدعى".(٢٠) سقط من: ب. نقل نظر.(٢١) فى الأصل، ب، م: "والخارج".(٢٢) سقط من: م. نقل نظر.(٢٣) فى م: "ويخرج".(٢٤) سقط من: ب، م.(٢٥) سقط من: الأصل، أ، ب.
