For the wage does not become established except with the passage of time; so if he draws up a contract before the passage of the period, it is not permissible for both wages to be obligatory.
1942 - Issue: He said: "If two witnesses testify against a man that he took one thousand from a boy, and two other witnesses testify against another man that he took one thousand from the boy, it is upon the guardian of the boy to demand the thousand from one of them, unless every piece of evidence did not testify to the thousand that the other testified to, in which case the guardian takes two thousand."
As for when each piece of evidence testifies to a non-specified thousand, the guardian demands both thousands together; because it has been established against each of the two men that he owes one of the thousands, so it is incumbent upon him to perform it, and the guardian must demand it, just as if each of them had confessed to one thousand. But if that which was testified to was a specified thousand, and evidence testified that this man is the one who took it, then only one thousand is obligatory, and the guardian may demand whichever of them he wishes; because it has been established that each of them took the thousand. If he [the one who took it] has not returned it, it remains established as a liability upon him; and if he returned it to the boy, his liability is not absolved by returning it to him, because he does not have valid capacity to receive. If the one who did not return it pays it as damages, he does not have recourse against anyone; because it has become established as his liability. If the one who returned it pays it, he has recourse against the one who did not return it. If one of them pays it and then claims that the guarantee remained with his companion so that he might have recourse against him, the statement is that of the other along with his oath; because the fundamental principle is that it was not established as his liability.
1943 - Issue: He said: "And if two warring men (harbiyyin) came to us from the land of war, and each one of them stated that he is the brother of his companion, we treat them as brothers. And if they were captives, and they claimed that after they were emancipated, then the inheritance of each of them goes to his emancipator, if he does not believe them, unless
(1) In M: "alladhi". (2) In M: "bihi". (3) In M: "ada'uha". (4) In A, M: "an yutalib". (5) In the original: "lahuma". In B: "biha". (6) In B: "wahida". (1) In A, M: "ja'a". (2) In A: "utiqa".
فلا تَسْتَقِرُّ إِلَّا بمُضِىِّ الزَّمانِ، فإِذا عَقَدَ عَقْدًا قبلَ مُضِىِّ المُدَّةِ، لم يجزْ أَنْ تَجِبَ الأُجْرَتَانِ.
١٩٤٢ - مسألة؛ قال: (وَلَوْ شَهِدَ شَاهِدانِ على رَجُلٍ، أَنَّهُ أَخَذَ من صَبِىٍّ أَلْفًا، وَشَهِدَ آخَرَانِ على رَجُلٍ آخَرَ، أَنَّهُ أخَذَ مِنَ الصَّبِىِّ ألْفًا، كَانَ على وَلِىِّ الصَّبِىِّ أَنْ يُطَالِبَ أحَدهُمَا بالْأَلْفِ، إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونَ كُلُّ بَيِّنَةٍ لَمْ تَشْهَدْ بِالْأَلْفِ الَّتِى (١) شَهِدتْ بِهَا (٢) الْأُخْرَى، فَيَأْخَذَ الوَلِىُّ الأَلْفَيْنِ)
أمَّا إذا كانتْ كُلُّ بَيِّنَةٍ شَهِدَتْ بِأَلْفٍ غيرِ مُعَيَّن، فإِنَّ الوَلِىَّ يُطَالِبُ بالأَلفَيْنِ جميعًا؛ لأَنَّ كُلَّ واحِدٍ مِنَ الرَّجُلَيْنِ ثَبَتَ عليه أَحَدُ الْأَلفَيْنِ، فَيَلْزَمُه أداؤُه (٣)، وعلى الوَلِىِّ المُطالَبةُ (٤) بها، كما لو أَقرَّ كل واحِدٍ منهما بِأَلْفٍ. وأَمَّا إِنْ كان المَشْهُودُ به ألْفًا مُعَيَّنًا، فشَهِدَتْ بَيِّنَةٌ أَنَّ هذا الرجلَ هو الآخِذُ لها (٥)، لَمْ يَجبْ إلا ألْفٌ واحِدٌ (٦)، وللوَلِىِّ مُطَالَبَةُ أيِّهما شاء؛ لأنَّه قد ثَبَتَ أَنَّ كُلَّ واحِدٍ منهما أَخَذَ الْأَلفَ، فإِنْ كان لم يَرُدَّهُ، فقد استَقَرَّ فى ذِمَّتِه، وإِنْ كان رَدَّهُ إلى الصَّبِىِّ، لم تَبْرأْ ذِمَّتُه بِرَدِّه إلَيْه؛ لأنَّه ليس له قَبْضٌ صَحيحٌ. فإِنْ غَرِمَهُ الَّذى لم يَرُدَّه، لم يَرجِعْ على أحَدٍ؛ لأنَّهُ استَقَرَّ علَيْهِ، وإن غَرِمَه الرَّادُّ لَهُ، رَجَعَ على الذى لم يَرُدَّه. فإِنْ غَرِمَهُ أحَدُهما، فادَّعَى أَنَّ الضَّمَانَ استَقَر على صَاحِبِهِ، ليَرْجِعَ عليه، فالقَوْلُ قَوْلُ الآخَرِ مَعَ يَمِينِهِ؛ لأنَّ الأَصْلَ عَدَمُ اسْتِقْرارِهِ عليهِ.
١٩٤٣ - مسألة؛ قال: (وَلَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلَيْنِ حَرْبِيَّيْنِ جَاءَانَا (١) من أَرْضِ الْحَرْبِ، فذَكَرَ كُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا أَنَّهُ أَخُو صَاحِبِهِ، جَعَلْنَاهُمَا أَخَوَيْنِ. وَإِنْ كَانَا سَبْيًا، فَادَّعَيَا ذَلِكَ بَعْد أَنْ أُعْتِقَا (٢)، فَمِيرَاثُ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا لِمُعْتِقِهِ، إِذَا لَمْ يُصَدِّقْهُمَا، إِلَّا أَنْ
(١) فى م: "الذى".(٢) فى م: "به".(٣) فى م: "أداؤها".(٤) فى أ، م: "أن يطالب".(٥) فى الأصل: "لهما". وفى ب: "بها".(٦) فى ب: "واحدة".(١) فى أ، م: "جاءا".(٢) فى أ: "عتقا".