principles. We reject this; rather, it is in agreement with it, for the reasons we have stated. Their analogy is invalid because if he owned only a third of them, it would be impossible to aggregate his portion, and there is no harm in dividing a bequest, unlike our issue. If we were to concede that it contradicts the analogy of principles, the statement of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) is obligatory to follow, whether it agrees with the analogy or contradicts it; for it is the statement of the infallible one, whom Allah the Almighty made his speech an argument over all creation, and commanded us to follow and obey him, warned of punishment for disobeying his command, and placed success in his obedience and misguidance in his disobedience. The possibility of error occurring in the analogizer in his analogy is greater than the possibility of error occurring to the companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and the imams after them in their narration. Moreover, they have already contradicted the analogy of principles with weak hadiths, as they made wudu with nabidh (date water) mandatory while traveling but not while residing, and they invalidated wudu due to loud laughter during prayer but not outside of it. Their argument in our case regarding the contradiction of analogy and principles is more severe and greater, and the harm in their school is greater. This is because there is a consensus that the owner of a third in a bequest and its like receives nothing until the heirs receive double that. In our case, they emancipate a third and force the slaves to work (istis'a) for the two-thirds, so the heirs receive nothing at the moment at all. They refer them to the labor (si'aya), and perhaps nothing at all will be obtained from it, or perhaps only one or two dirhams per month will be obtained from it, rendering it in the ruling of someone who has received nothing. There is harm in this to the slaves, because they force them to earn and labor against their will. Sometimes the one forced to do this is a slave woman, which leads her into prostitution, or a slave man, so he steals or commits highway robbery. There is also harm in it to the deceased, as they have led his bequest to