ShamelaTranslate
Search
Sign in
ShamelaTranslate

© 2026 ShamelaTranslate. Scholarly Open-Access Project.

AboutContactDonateImprintPrivacyTermsRight of WithdrawalCancel a subscription
Al-Mughni by Ibn Qudama - Edited by Al-Turki
Volume 14 · Page 423Section

Translation · EN

Section: If the master says to his mudabbar (the slave for whom post-mortem emancipation has been stipulated): "If you pay my heirs such-and-such, you are free," this constitutes a retraction of the tadbir, and it rests upon the two narrations: if we say he has the right of verbal retraction, the tadbir is annulled here. But if we say he does not have the right of retraction, this statement will not affect anything. If he performs tadbir upon his entire [slave], then retracts it regarding half of him, it is valid, provided we say he has the right of retraction regarding the whole. Because since it is valid for him to perform tadbir upon half of him from the beginning, it is valid to retract the tadbir of half of him. If he changes the tadbir and it was absolute, and he makes it restricted, it becomes restricted if we uphold the validity of retraction, otherwise it does not. If it was restricted and he makes it absolute, it is valid in any case, because it is an increase, and he is not prevented from that. If a mute person performs tadbir, and his sign or writing is known, his tadbir is valid. His retraction is also valid if we uphold the validity of retraction in tadbir; because his sign and writing stand in the place of the speech of one who speaks in terms of their legal rulings. If he performs tadbir while he is able to speak, then becomes mute, his retraction is valid via his known sign or writing. If his sign is not understood, it has no weight, because his retraction is not known.

Section: If the mudabbar is mortgaged, his tadbir is not annulled, because it is a suspension of emancipation upon a condition. If the master dies while he is mortgaged, he becomes free, and his value is taken from the estate of his master to be a mortgage in his place, because his emancipation is due to a cause from the direction of his master, so it is like if he had performed immediate emancipation upon him.

Section: If the mudabbar apostatizes and flees to the Abode of War (Dar al-Harb), his tadbir is not annulled, because the ownership of his master remains over him, and his master's disposition regarding him through emancipation, gifting, or sale is valid if he is under his control. If the Muslims capture him, they do not own him, because he is the property of one whose blood is protected (ma'sum), and he is returned to his master if he is identified before he is divided. He is asked to repent; if he repents, he is saved, otherwise he is killed. If he is not identified until he is divided, he is not returned to his master, according to one of the two narrations. The other is that if his master chooses to take him for the price at which he was valued against the one who took him, he takes him.

Notes

(2) Omitted from the original (al-Asl), B, and M. (3) In B there is an addition: "if". (4) In M: "bil-qu'" (instead of bil-qawl), which is a distortion. After it, there is an addition: "for the obvious meaning is that". (5) Omitted from M. (6) Omitted from the original (al-Asl) and A. (7) Omitted from B.

Arabic (Source)

فصل: إذا قال السَّيِّدُ لمُدَبَّرِه: إذا أَدَّيْتَ إلى وَرَثَتِى كذا وكذا (٢)، فأنتَ حُرٌّ. فهو رُجُوعُ عن التَّدْبِيرِ، ويَنْبَنِى على الرِّوايتَيْنِ؛ إِنْ قُلْنا (٣): له الرُّجُوعُ بالقَوْلِ (٤). بَطَلَ التَّدْبِيرُ ههُنا. وإن قُلْنا: ليس له الرجوعُ. لن يُؤَثِّر هذا (٥) القولُ شيئًا. وإن دَبَّرَه كلَّه، ثمَّ رَجَعَ فى نِصْفِه، صَحَّ، إذا قُلْنا: له الرُّجوعُ فى جَمِيعِه. لأَنَّه لما صَحَّ أن يُدَبِّرَ نِصْفَه ابْتِداءً، صَحَّ أن يَرْجِعَ فى تَدْبيرِ نِصْفِه، وإن غَيَّرَ التَّدْبيرَ، فكان مُطْلَقًا، فجَعَلَه مُقَيَّدًا، صار مُقَيَّدًا، إن قُلْنا بصِحّةِ الرُّجوعِ [فى التدبيرِ] (٦)، وإلَّا فلا. وإن كان مُقَيَّدًا، فأطْلَقه، صَحَّ، على كلِّ حالٍ؛ لأَنَّه زيادةٌ، فلا يُمْنعُ منها. وإذا دَبَّرَ الأَخْرَسُ، وكانتْ إشارَتُه أو كِتابَتُه مَعْلُومةً، صَحَّ تَدْبِيرُه. ويَصِحُّ رُجُوعُه، إن قُلْنا بصِحَّةِ الرُّجوعِ فى التَّدْبِيرِ؛ لأنَّ إشارَتَه وكِتابَتَه تقومُ مَقامَ نُطْقِ النَّاطقِ فى أحْكامِه. وإن دَبَّرَ، وهو ناطِقٌ، ثمَّ صار أخْرَسَ، صَحَّ رُجُوعُه بإشارَتِه المَعْلُومَةِ أو كِتابَتِه. وإِنْ لم تُفْهَمْ إشَارَتُه، فلا عِبْرَةَ بها؛ لأَنَّه لا يُعْلَمُ رُجُوعُه.

فصل: وإذا رُهِنَ المُدَبَّرُ، لم يَبْطُلْ تَدْبيرُه؛ لأَنَّه تَعْليقٌ للعِتْقِ بصِفَةٍ، فإنْ مات السَّيِّدَ، وهو رَهْنٌ، عَتَقَ، وأُخِذَ من تَرِكةِ سَيِّدِه قِيمَتُه، فتكونُ رَهْنًا مَكانَه؛ لأنَّ عِتْقَه بسَبَبٍ من جِهَةِ سَيِّدِه، فأشْبَهَ ما لو باشَرَه بالعِتْقِ نَاجِزًا.

فصل: وإن ارْتَدَّ المُدَبَّرُ، ولَحقَ بدارِ الحَرْبِ، لم يَبْطُلْ تَدْبِيرُه؛ لأنَّ مِلْكَ سَيِّدِه باقٍ عليه، ويَصِحُّ تَصَرُّفُه فيه (٧) بالعِتْقِ والهِبَةِ والبَيْعِ، إِنْ كان مَقْدُورًا عليه، فإنْ سَبَاه المسلمون، لم يَمْلِكُوه؛ لأَنَّه مَمْلُوكٌ لمَعْصُوِمٍ، ويُرَدُّ إلى سَيِّدِه، إِنْ عُلِمَ به قبلَ قَسْمِه، ويُسْتَتابُ، فإنْ تابَ، وإلَّا قُتِلَ، وإن لم يُعْلَمْ به حتَّى قُسِمَ، لم يُرَدَّ إلى سَيِّدِه. فى إحْدَى الرِّوايتَيْنِ. والأُخْرَى، إن اخْتارَ سَيِّدُه أخْذَه بالثَّمنِ الذى حُسِبَ به على آخِذِه، أخَذَه،

Notes

(٢) سقط من: الأصل، ب، م.(٣) فى ب زيادة: "إن".(٤) فى م: "بالقوع". تحريف. وبعده فيها زيادة: "فظاهره أنه".(٥) سقط من: م.(٦) سقط من: الأصل، أ.(٧) سقط من: ب.

PreviousVolume 14 · Page 423Next
Previous14·423Next