If anything is recovered from the remaining hundred, a portion of a sixth of the tadbir slave is emancipated, and what is recovered is divided between the son and the legatee in thirds. Once the entire amount is recovered, the son receives two-thirds of it and a third of the slave [which is the amount of his share, and the emancipation of half of him is completed in the tadbir slave, and the legatee receives a sixth of the slave and a third of the hundred], which is [the amount of his share]. If the debt is owed by an outsider, only a sixth of the tadbir slave is emancipated; because what is recovered from the estate is the slave, and a third of him is between him and the other legatee. The legatee receives a sixth of him, each son receives a sixth of him, and a third of him remains suspended. So whenever anything is recovered from the debt, an amount of a sixth of the tadbir slave is emancipated, and what is recovered is divided among the two sons and the legatee in sixths: the legatee receives a sixth of it, and they [the sons] receive five-sixths of it. Thus, each one of them receives half of the hundred and a third of it and a sixth of the slave, which is the amount of his share. The legatee receives a sixth of the two hundred and a sixth of the slave, which is the amount of his share, and half of the tadbir slave is emancipated, which is the amount of his share.
1976 - Issue: He said: (If he arranges for the tadbir of a slave before reaching puberty, his tadbir is valid if he is ten years of age or older and understands the nature of tadbir. What I have said regarding the man applies equally to the woman, if she is nine years of age or older.)
The sum of this is that the tadbir and bequest of a discerning minor (sabi mumayyiz) are valid. This is one of the two narrations from Malik and one of the two statements of al-Shafi'i. Some of his companions said: It is the more correct of his two statements. This has been narrated from Umar, Shurayh, and Abd Allah ibn Utbah. Al-Hasan and Abu Hanifah said: His tadbir is not valid, like that of the insane person. This is the second narration from Malik and the second statement of al-Shafi'i; because his manumission is not valid, therefore his tadbir is not valid, like the insane person. Our evidence is what Sa'id narrated from Hushaym, from Yahya...
(21) In M: "al-ibnayn" (the two sons). (22) Omitted from: the original and B. (23) In the original: "wa qadr hissatuhu" (and the amount of his share). (24) In the original: "uqdiya" (is settled). (1) In M: "wa hadha" (and this). (2) Omitted from: the original, A, and B. (3) In: Chapter on the Bequest of a Minor, from the Book of Bequests. Al-Sunan 1/126, 127. Its verification was previously mentioned under Malik and al-Bayhaqi in 8/509. (4) In B and M, there is an addition: "an" (from).
اقْتُضِىَ مِن المائةِ الباقيةِ شىءٌ، عَتَقَ من المُدَبَّرِ قَدْرُ سُدسِه، ويكون المُسْتَوْفَى بين الابْنِ (٢١) والوَصِىِّ أثْلاثًا، فإذا اسْتُوفِيَتْ كلّها، حَصَلَ للابنِ ثُلثاها، وثُلثُ العبدِ [وهو قَدْرُ حَقِّه، وكُمِّلَ فى المُدَبَّرِ عِتْقُ نِصْفِه، وحَصَلَ للوَصِىِّ سُدسُ العَبدِ وثُلثُ المائةِ] (٢٢)، وهو [قَدْرُ حَقِّه] (٢٣). وإن كان الدَّيْنُ على أجْنَبِىٍّ، لم يَعْتِقْ من المُدَبَّرِ إِلَّا سُدسُه؛ لأنَّ الحاصِلَ من التَّركِةِ هو العبدُ، وثُلثُه بينَه وبينَ الوَصِىِّ الآخَرِ، وللوَصِىِّ سُدسُه، ولكلِّ ابنٍ سُدسُه، ويَبْقَى تلثُه مَوْقوفًا، فكلَّما اقْتُضِىَ (٢٤) من الدَّينِ شىءٌ، عتَقَ من المُدَبَّرِ قَدْرُ سُدسِه، وكان المُسْتَوْفَى بينَ الابْنَيْنِ والوَصِىِّ أسْداسًا؛ للوَصِىِّ سُدسُه، ولهما خمسةُ أسْداسِه، فيَحْصُلُ لكلِّ واحدٍ نِصْفُ المائةِ وثُلثُها وسُدسُ العَبْدِ، وهو قَدْرُ حَقِّه، ويَحْصُلُ للوَصِىِّ سُدسُ المائتَيْنِ وسُدسُ العَبْدِ، وهو قَدْرُ حَقِّه، ويَعْتِقُ من المُدَبَّرِ نِصْفُه، وهو قَدْرُ حَقِّه.
١٩٧٦ - مسألة؛ قال: (وَإِذَا دَبَّرَ قَبْلَ الْبُلُوغِ كَانَ تَدْبِيرُهُ جَائِزًا، إِذَا كَانَ لَهُ عَشْرُ سِنِينَ فَصَاعِدًا، وكَانَ يَعْرِفُ التَّدْبِيرَ. وَمَا قُلْتُهُ فِى الرَّجُلِ، فَالمَرْأةُ مِثْلُهُ، إِذَا كَانَ لَهَا تِسْعُ سِنِينَ فَصَاعِدًا)
وجملتُه أَنَّ تَدْبِيرَ الصَّبِىِّ المُمَيِّزِ، ووَصِيّتَه، جائزةٌ. وهو (١) إحْدَى الرِّوايتَيْنِ عن مالكٍ، وأحدُ قَوْلَىِ الشَّافِعىِّ. قال بعضُ أصحابِه: هو أصَحُّ قَوْلَيْه. ورُوِىَ ذلك عن عمرَ، وشُرَيْحٍ، وعبدِ اللَّه بن عُتْبَةَ. وقال الحسنُ، وأبو حنيفةَ: لا يَصِحُّ تَدْبِيرُه، كالمَجْنُونِ (٢). وهو الرِّوايةُ الثانيةُ عن مالكٍ، والقولُ الثانى للشَّافعىِّ؛ لأَنَّه لا يَصِحُّ إعْتاقُه، فلم يَصِحَّ تَدْبِيرُه، كالمجنونِ. ولَنا، ما رَوَى سعيدٌ (٣)، عن هُشَيْمٍ، عن يحيى (٤)
(٢١) فى م: "الابنين".(٢٢) سقط من: الأصل، ب.(٢٣) فى الأصل: "وقدر حصته".(٢٤) فى الأصل: "أقضى".(١) فى م: "وهذا".(٢) سقط من: الأصل، أ، ب.(٣) فى: باب وصية الصبى، من كتاب الوصايا. السنن ١/ ١٢٦، ١٢٧.وتقدم تخريجه عند مالك والبيهقى، فى: ٨/ ٥٠٩.(٤) فى ب، م زيادة: "عن".