mentioning that, and they do not permit its being unspecified, based on their opinion regarding leasing. The disagreement concerning this has already been mentioned in the chapter on leasing (43). [It is a condition that the mentioned dinar be deferred; because deferment is a condition in a kitaba contract] (44). If he makes the payment time of the dinar one day or more after the month, it is valid, without any disagreement that we know of. If he makes its payment time within the month, or after its conclusion, it is also valid. This is the opinion of some of the companions of al-Shafi'i. The Qadi said: It is not valid, because it would be a single installment. This is not correct; because the service is not entirely at the time of the payment of the dinar, but only a small part of it exists proximate to it, and the rest of it is at other times. Furthermore, the service is equivalent to compensation obtained at the beginning of its period; for this reason, he is entitled to its entire compensation at the time of the contract, so its payment time is different from the payment time of the dinar. It is only permitted to be immediate because the prohibition against immediacy in other cases is due to the inability to pay it immediately, and this is not present in the case of service, so it is permitted to be immediate. If he makes the payment time of the dinar before the service, and the service was not connected to the contract, such that the dinar is deferred and the service follows it, it is permitted. If the service was connected to the contract, it is not conceivable for the dinar to be before it, and it is not valid in its beginning; because it would be immediate, and a condition of it is deferment.
Section: If he enters into a kitaba contract for a single service over one duration, such as if he enters into a kitaba contract (45) for the service of a specified month (46) or a specified year, its ruling is the ruling of a kitaba contract for a single installment, based on what has passed regarding that. It is possible that it is like a kitaba contract for multiple installments, because the service is fulfilled at disparate times, unlike money. If he makes it for one month after another, such as (47) if he enters into a kitaba contract at the beginning of Muharram for his service (48) during it and in Rajab, it is valid; because it is for two installments. If he enters into a kitaba contract for a known benefit in the debt, such as sewing garments he specifies, or building a wall he describes, it is also valid if he enters into a kitaba contract for two installments. If he says: "I have entered into a kitaba contract with you on the condition that you serve me for this month, and sew such-and-such immediately following the month," it is valid according to the opinion of everyone. If he says: "On the condition that you serve me for a month from this time of mine, and a month following
(43) Previously mentioned in: 8/9, 10. (44) Omitted from: Al-Asl. (45) In M: "katabahu". (46) In Al-Asl and A: "bi-'aynihi". (47) In Al-Asl and A: "ka'annahu". (48) In Al-Asl and A: "khidmatuhu".
ذِكْرَ ذلك، ولا يُجَوِّزُونَ إطْلَاقَه، بِناءً على قولِهم فى الإِجارةِ. وقد سَبَقَ ذكرُ الخِلافِ فيه، فى بابِ الإِجَارةِ (٤٣). [ويُشْتَرطُ كونُ الدِّينارِ المذكورِ مُؤَجَّلًا؛ لأنّ الأجَلَ شَرْطٌ فى عَقْدِ الكِتابةِ] (٤٤). فإنْ جَعَلَ مَحَلَّ الدينارِ بعدَ الشَّهْرِ بيَوْمٍ أو أكثرَ، صَحَّ. بغير خلافٍ نَعْلَمُه. وإن جَعَلَ محلَّه فى الشهرِ، أو بعدَ انْقِضائِه، صَحَّ أيضًا. وهذا قولُ بعضِ أصْحابِ الشافعىِّ. وقال القاضى: لا يَصِحُّ؛ لأَنَّه يكونُ نَجْمًا واحدًا. وهذا لا يَصِحُّ؛ لأنَّ الخِدْمةَ كلَّها لا تكونُ فى وقتِ مَحَلِّ الدِّينارِ، وإنَّما يُوجَدُ جزءٌ منها يَسِيرٌ مُقارِبًا له، وسائِرُها فيما سِوَاه، ولأنَّ الخِدْمةَ بمَنْزِلةِ العِوَض الحاصلِ فى ابْتداءِ مُدَّتِها، ولهذا يَسْتَحِقُّ عِوَضَها جَمِيعَه عندَ العَقْدِ، فيكون مَحَلُّها غيرَ مَحَلِّ الدِّينارِ، وإنَّما جازَتْ حالَّةً؛ لأنَّ المَنْعَ من الحُلُولِ فى غيرِها لأَجْلِ العَجْزِ عنه فى الحالِ، وهذا غيرُ مَوْجُودٍ فى الخِدْمةِ، فجازَتْ حالَّةً. وإن جَعَلَ محلَّ الدِّينارِ قبلَ الخدمةِ، وكانت الخِدْمةُ غيرَ مُتَّصِلةٍ بالعَقْدِ، بحيث يكونُ الدِّينارُ مُؤَجَّلًا، والخِدْمةُ بعدَه، جاز. وإن كانت الخِدْمةُ مُتَّصِلةً بالعقدِ، لم يُتَصَوَّرْ كَونُ الدِّينارِ قبلَه، ولم تَجُزْ فى أَوَّلِه؛ لأنَّه يكونُ حالًّا، ومن شَرْطِه التَّأْجِيلُ.
فصل: وإن كاتَبَه على خِدْمةٍ مُفْرَدةٍ، فى مُدَّةٍ واحدةٍ، مثل أَنْ يُكاتِبَه (٤٥) على خِدْمةِ شهرٍ مُعَيَّنٍ (٤٦)، أو سَنَةٍ مُعَيَّنَةٍ، فحكمُه حكمُ الكِتابةِ على نَجْمٍ واحدٍ، على ما مَضَى من القولِ فيه. ويَحْتَمِلُ أَنْ يكونَ كالكِتابةِ على أَنْجُمٍ؛ لأنَّ الخِدْمةَ تُسْتَوْفَى فى أوْقاتٍ مُتفرِّقةٍ، بخلافِ المالِ. فإن جَعَلَه على شهرٍ بعدَ شهرِ، كأنْ (٤٧) كاتَبَه فى أوّلِ المحرَّمِ، على خِدْمةٍ (٤٨) فيه، وفى رَجَبٍ، صَحَّ؛ لأنَّه على نَجْمَيْنٍ. وإن كاتَبَه على مَنْفَعةٍ فى الذِّمَّةِ مَعْلُومةٍ، كخِياطةِ ثِيابٍ عَيَّنَهَا، أو بناءِ حائطٍ وصَفَه، صَحَّ أيضًا، إذا كاتَبَه على نَجْمَيْنِ. وإن قال: كاتَبْتُكَ على أن تَخْدِمَنِى هذا الشهرَ، وخِياطةِ كذا عَقِيبَ الشهرِ. صَحَّ. فى قولِ الجميعِ. وإن قال: على أن تَخْدِمَنِى شهرًا من وَقْتِى هذا، وشهرًا عَقِيبَ
(٤٣) تقدم فى: ٨/ ٩، ١٠.(٤٤) سقط من: الأصل.(٤٥) فى م: "كاتبه".(٤٦) فى الأصل، أ: "بعينه".(٤٧) فى الأصل، أ: "كأنه".(٤٨) فى الأصل، أ: "خدمته".