Section: If the son has intercourse with the slave girl of his father or mother, he is an adulterer and is liable for the hadd (prescribed) punishment if he was aware of the prohibition. She does not become an umm al-walad for him, and he is liable for her mahr (dowry). Her child becomes free through his grandfather because he is the son of his son, based on our position that his child from adultery becomes free through his father. The slave girl becomes permanently forbidden to the father. The son is not liable for her value because he did not remove her from his [the father's] ownership, nor did he prevent him from selling her or disposing of her in ways other than sexual enjoyment. If the father makes her pregnant after that, he has committed a forbidden act, but there is no hadd punishment upon him, because it is an act of intercourse that coincided with ownership, and she becomes an umm al-walad for him because he made his own slave girl pregnant, similar to if he had intercourse with his pledged (mortgaged) slave girl.
Section: If he marries his slave girl and then has intercourse with her, he has committed a forbidden act, but there is no hadd punishment upon him because she is his slave girl, and he shall be given a discretionary punishment (ta'zir). Ahmad (may Allah be pleased with him) said: He is whipped but not stoned, meaning he is punished by whipping, because if the hadd were mandatory upon him, he would be stoned if he were muhsan (married). If he makes her pregnant, she becomes his umm al-walad because he made his own slave girl pregnant, and she becomes free upon his death, and his child is free. Whatever she delivers thereafter from the husband follows the status of its mother.
Section: If a man comes to own his foster mother, his sister, or his daughter, it is not lawful for him to have intercourse with her. If he does have intercourse with her, there is no hadd punishment upon him, according to the more correct of the two narrations, because she is his slave girl, and he is to be punished with ta'zir. If she gives birth, the child is free, his lineage is attached to him, and she is his umm al-walad. Likewise, if he comes to own a Magian or polytheist slave girl and makes her pregnant, or if a disbeliever comes to own a Muslim slave girl and makes her pregnant, there is no hadd punishment upon him, but he is punished with ta'zir, the lineage of his child is attached to him, and she becomes an umm al-walad for him, becoming free upon his death, for the reasons we have mentioned. Likewise, if he has intercourse with his pledged slave girl, or if the provider of capital (rabb al-mal) has intercourse with a slave girl from the mudaraba (capital) funds and makes her pregnant, she becomes an umm al-walad for him through that. She exits the pledge and the mudaraba, he is liable for her value to the pledgee—to be held in her place as a pledge or to satisfy the debt of the pledge—and the mudaraba contract concerning her is dissolved. If there is profit in her, the profit is placed in the mudaraba funds. And Allah knows best.
(29) In M, there is an addition: "bi-sabab" (by reason of). (30) Omitted from the original. A critical note. (31) Omitted from B.
فصل: وإِنْ وَطِئَ الابنُ جارِيَةَ أبيهِ أو أُمِّهِ، فهو زَانٍ، يَلْزَمُه الحَدُّ إذا كان عالمًا بالتَّحْريِم، ولا تَصِيرُ أُمَّ ولَدٍ له، ويَلْزَمُه مَهْرُها، وولدُه يَعْتِقُ على جَدِّه؛ لأَنَّه ابنُ ابْنِه، إذا قُلْنا: إِنَّ ولدَه من الزِّنَى يَعْتِقُ على أبِيه. وتَحْرُمُ الجارِيَةُ على الأبِ على التَّأْبِيدِ. ولا تجِبُ (٢٩) قِيمَتُها على الابنِ، لأنَّه لم يُخْرِجْها عن مِلْكِه، ولم يَمْنَعْه بَيْعَها، ولا التَّصَرَّفَ فيها بغيرِ الاسْتِمتاعِ. فإِنَّ اسْتَوْلَدَها الأبُ بعدَ ذلك، ققد فَعَلَ مُحَرَّمًا، ولا حَدَّ عليه؛ لأَنَّه وطْءٌ صادَفَ مِلْكًا، وتَصِيرُ أُمَّ ولَدٍ له؛ لأَنَّه اسْتَوْلَدَ مَمْلوكَتَه، فأشْبَهَ ما لو وَطِئَ أمَتَه المَرْهُونَةَ.
فصل: وإِنْ زَوَّجَ أمَتَه، ثمَّ وَطِئَها، فقد فَعَلَ مُحَرَّمًا، ولا حَدَّ عليه؛ لأنَّها مَمْلوكَتُه، ويُعَزَّرُ. قال أحمدُ، رَضِىَ اللَّهُ عنه: يُجْلَدُ، ولا يُرْجَمُ. يعنى أنَّه يُعَزَّرُ بالجَلْدِ؛ لأَنَّه لو وَجَبَ [عليه الحَدُّ، لَوَجَبَ] (٣٠) الرَّجْمُ إذا كان مُحْصَنًا. فإِن أَوْلَدَها، صارَتْ أُمَّ ولدِه، لأَنَّه اسْتَوْلَدَ مَمْلُوكَتَه، وتَعْتِقُ بمَوْتِه، وولدُه حُرٌّ، وما وَلَدَت بعدَ ذلك من الزَّوْجِ، فحُكْمُه حكمُ أُمِّه.
فصل: ولو مَلَكَ رجُلٌ أُمَّهُ مِن الرَّضاعِ، أو أُخْتَه، أو ابْنَتَه، لم يَحِلَّ له وَطَؤُها. فإنْ وَطِئَها، فلا حَدَّ عليه. فى أَصَحِّ الرِّوايَتَيْن؛ لأنَّها مَمْلوكَتُه، ويُعَزَّرُ. فإِنَّ وَلَدَتْ، فالوَلَدُ حُرٌّ، ونَسَبُه لاحِقٌ به، وهى أُمُّ وَلَدِه. وكذلك لو مَلَكَ أَمَةً مَجُوسِيَّةً، أو وَثَنِيَّةً، فاسْتَوْلَدَها، أو مَلَكَ الكافِرُ أمَةً (٣١) مُسْلِمَةً فاسْتَوْلَدَها، فلا حَدَّ عليه، ويُعَزَّرُ، ويَلْحَقُه نَسَبُ ولَدِه، وتَصِيرُ أُمَّ وَلَدٍ له، تَعْتِقُ بمَوْتِه؛ لما ذَكَرْنا. وكذلك لو وَطِئَ أمَتَه المَرْهُونَةَ، أو وَطِئَ رَبُّ المالِ أَمَةً مِن مالِ المُضارَبَةِ فأوْلَدَها، صارَتْ له بذلك أُمَّ ولدٍ، وخرجتْ من الرَّهْنِ والمُضارَبَةِ، وعليه قِيمَتُها للمُرْتَهِنِ، تُجْعَلُ مَكانَها رَهْنًا، أو تَوْفِيَةً عن دَيْنِ الرَّهْنِ، وتَنْفَسِخُ المُضارَبَةُ فيها. وإِنْ كان فيها ربحٌ، جُعِلَ الرِّبْحُ فى مالِ المُضارَبَةِ. واللَّهُ أعلمُ.
(٢٩) فى م زيادة: "بسبب".(٣٠) سقط من: الأصل. نقل نظر.(٣١) سقط من: ب.
