those who hold the view that they are to be freed. Sa'id said: Sufyan narrated to us, from Yahya ibn Sa'id, from Nafi', who said: Two men reached Ibn Umar and said: We left this man selling ummahat al-awlad (mothers of children), meaning Ibn al-Zubayr. Ibn Umar said: Do you know Abu Hafs? For he ruled regarding ummahat al-awlad that they should not be sold, nor given away; their owner may enjoy them, and when he dies, she is free. And he said: Ghiyath narrated to us, from Khusayf, from 'Ikrimah, from Ibn Abbas, who said: Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: There is no man who acknowledges that he has intercourse with his slave girl and then dies, except that he has freed her if she has delivered, even if it was a miscarriage.

Section: There is no difference between a Muslim woman and a disbeliever, a chaste woman and a harlot, nor between a Muslim man and a disbeliever, a chaste man and a lecher, in this matter, according to the scholars of fatwa from the various regions; because the Muslim and the disbeliever, the chaste and the lecher are equal in that upon which the emancipation is connected, such as tadbir (conditional manumission) and mukataba (contractual manumission). Furthermore, her emancipation is due to the mixing of her blood with his, and her flesh with his; so when they are equal in descent, they are equal in its ruling. Sa'id narrated: Hushaym narrated to us, Mansur informed us, from Ibn Sirin, from Abu 'Atiyyah al-Hamdani, that Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) said regarding the umm al-walad: If she becomes Muslim, remains chaste, and is modest, she is freed; and if she disbelieves, commits harlotry, and is treacherous, she becomes enslaved. And he said: Hushaym narrated to us, Yahya informed us regarding a man's umm al-walad who apostatized from Islam, so this was written to Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz (may Allah be pleased with him), and Umar wrote: Sell her in a land that has no one from among the people of her religion.