138 - Issue; he said: "If a sighted person prays in a settled residence (hadar) and makes a mistake, or if a blind person prays without a guide (dalil), they must repeat [the prayer]."

As for the sighted person, if he prays toward other than the Kaaba in a settled residence, then the error becomes clear to him, he must repeat the prayer, regardless of whether he prayed with a guide or without one, because the settled residence is not a place for ijtihad. This is because one who is there is capable of [observing] the mihrabs (prayer niches) and the established Qiblas, and he can usually find someone who will inform him with certainty; therefore, he is not permitted to perform ijtihad, just like the one who is capable of [referencing] the text (nass) in other legal rulings. If he prays without a guide and makes a mistake, repetition becomes obligatory upon him due to his negligence. If an informant told him [the direction] and he made a mistake, he has been deceived, and it is revealed that his report was not a reliable guide. If he is imprisoned and cannot find anyone to inform him, Abu al-Hasan al-Tamimi said: He is like the traveler; he exerts effort (yataharra) in his place of confinement and prays, without repetition, because he is unable to deduce the direction through reports or mihrabs, so he is like the traveler. As for the blind person, if he is in a settled residence, he is like the sighted person because he is capable of deducing the direction through reports and mihrabs; if the blind person touches the mihrab and knows that it is a mihrab and that he is facing it, he is like the sighted person. Likewise, if he knows that the door of the mosque is to the north or one of the other directions, it is permissible for him to deduce [the Qibla] from it, and whenever he makes a mistake, he must repeat. The ruling for the blind follower (muqallid) is the same as the ruling for the blind person in this regard. If the blind person or the follower is a traveler and cannot find anyone to inform him, nor a mujtahid to follow, the apparent meaning of al-Khiraqi's statement is that he must repeat, whether he hits the mark or makes a mistake; because he prayed without a guide, so repetition is incumbent upon him even if he hit the mark, like the mujtahid if he prays without ijtihad. Abu Bakr said: He prays according to his capacity, and regarding repetition, there are two narrations, whether he hits the mark or makes a mistake: the first is that he repeats, for the reasons we have mentioned. The second is that no repetition is required of him, because he has performed what he was commanded to do, so he resembles the mujtahid; and because he is unable to do anything other than what he performed, so it falls away from him, like other individuals unable to face the Qibla, and because he lacks a guide, so he resembles the mujtahid in the case of clouds and imprisonment.