Hanifa said: It does not become void by that, because it is an act of worship into which he has rightfully entered, so it does not become corrupted by the intention to exit from it, just like Hajj. Our [position] is that he has severed the validity of the intention before completing his prayer, so it becomes corrupt, just as if he had performed the Taslim intending to exit from it. Also, because intention is a condition for the entire prayer, and he has severed it by what occurred, so it became corrupt due to the disappearance of its condition. It differs from Hajj, for one does not exit from it by [committing] its forbidden acts or its corrupting acts, unlike prayer. As for if he oscillates regarding cutting it off, Ibn Hamid said: It does not become void because he entered into it with a certain intention, so it is not removed by doubt and oscillation, like other acts of worship. The Qadi said: It is possible that it becomes void. This is the school of Al-Shafi'i; because maintaining the intention is a condition, and with oscillation, he is not maintaining it, so it is similar to if he intended to cut it off.
Section: The obligation is to maintain the validity of the intention, not its essence, in the sense that he does not intend to cut it off. If he becomes heedless of it and it slips from his mind during the prayer, this does not affect its validity, because being cautious against this is not possible, and because the essence of the intention is not considered during the act of worship, as evidenced by fasting and other acts. It has been narrated from the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) that he said: "When the prayer is called, Satan turns back, passing wind (7), and when the prayer is established (taswib), he comes forward until he whispers between a man and his soul, saying: 'Remember such and such, remember such and such,' until one of you remains not knowing how much he has prayed." This is agreed upon (8). Malik also narrated it in the "Muwatta" (9). It is narrated from Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, that he prayed a prayer and did not recite in it, so it was said to him: "You did not recite." He said: "I was equipping an army for the Muslims until I reached Wadi al-Qura (10) with it."
(7) Al-hisas: passing wind. (8) Reported by Al-Bukhari in: The Chapter on the Virtue of the Adhan, from the Book of Adhan; and in: The Chapter of a Man Thinking about Something during Prayer, from the Book of Action in Prayer; and in: The Chapter of If One Does Not Know How Much He Has Prayed, Three or Four, He Prostrates Twice While Sitting, and the Chapter of Forgetfulness in Obligatory and Voluntary [Prayers], from the Book of Forgetfulness; and in: The Chapter on the Description of Iblis and His Hosts, from the Book of the Beginning of Creation. Sahih Al-Bukhari 1/158, 2/84, 85, 87, 4/151. And Muslim in: The Chapter on the Virtue of the Adhan and the Flight of Satan When He Hears It, from the Book of Prayer; and in: The Chapter of Forgetfulness in Prayer and Prostration for It, from the Book of Mosques. Sahih Muslim 1/291, 292, 398, 399. Also reported by Abu Dawud in: The Chapter on Raising the Voice in the Adhan, from the Book of Prayer. Sunan Abi Dawud 1/123. Al-Nasa'i in: The Chapter on the Virtue of the Adhan, from the Book of Adhan. Al-Mujtaba 2/19. Al-Darimi in: The Chapter of Satan When He Hears the Call He Flees, and the Chapter of a Man Who Does Not Know Whether He Prayed Three or Four, from the Book of Prayer. Sunan Al-Darimi 1/273, 350, 351. And Imam Ahmad in: Al-Musnad 2/313, 460, 483, 503, 504, 522. (9) In: The Chapter on What Has Come Regarding the Call to Prayer, from the Book of the Call. Al-Muwatta 1/69, 70.
حنيفَةَ: لا تَبْطُلُ بذلكَ؛ لأنَّها عبادَةٌ صَحَّ دخولُه فيها، فلم تَفْسُدْ بِنِيَّةِ الخروجِ منها، كالحَجِّ. ولَنا، أنَّه قَطَعَ حُكْمَ النِّيَّةِ قبلَ إتْمَامِ صلاتِهِ، ففَسَدَتْ، كما لو سَلَّمَ يَنْوِى الخروجَ منها، ولأنَّ النِّيَّةَ شرطٌ في جَمِيعِ الصلاةِ، وقد قَطَعَها بما حَدَثَ، ففَسَدَتْ لذهابِ شَرْطِها، وفارَقَتِ الحَجَّ؛ فإنَّه لا يَخْرُجُ منه بِمَحْظُورَاتِهِ، ولا بِمُفْسِدَاتِه، بخِلَافِ الصلاةِ. فأمَّا إنْ تَرَدَّدَ في قَطْعِها، فقال ابنُ حامدٍ: لا تَبْطُلُ؛ لأنَّه دَخَلَ فيها بِنِيَّةٍ مُتَيَقَّنَةٍ، فلا تَزُولُ بالشكِّ وَالتَّرَدُّدِ، كسائِرِ العباداتِ. وقال القاضي: يَحْتَمِلُ أنْ تَبْطُلَ. وهو مذْهَبُ الشافعيِّ؛ لأنَّ اسْتِدَامَةَ النِّيَّةِ شَرْطٌ، ومع التَّرَدُّدِ لا يكونُ مُسْتَدِيمًا لها، فأَشْبَهَ ما لو نَوَى قَطْعَها.
فصل: والوَاجِبُ اسْتِصْحَابُ حُكْمِ النِّيَّةِ دونَ حَقِيقَتِهَا، بمعنَى أنَّه لَا يَنْوِى قَطْعَها. ولو ذَهَلَ عنها وعَزَبَتْ عنه فِي أثناءِ الصلاةِ، لم يُؤَثِّرْ ذلكَ في صِحَّتِهَا؛ لأنَّ التَّحَرُّزَ من هذا غيرُ ممكن، ولأنَّ النِّيَّةَ لا تُعْتَبَرُ حَقِيقَتُها في أثناءِ العبادةِ، بدَلِيلِ الصومِ وغيرِه، وقد رُوِىَ عن النَّبِيِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- أنه قال: "إذَا أُقِيمَتِ الصَّلَاةُ أَدْبَرَ الشَّيْطَانُ، ولَهُ حُصَاصٌ (٧)، فَإِذَا قُضِىَ التَّثْوِيبُ أَقْبَلَ حَتَّى يَخْطرُ بَيْنَ المَرْءِ ونَفْسِهِ، يَقُولُ: اذْكُرْ كَذَا، اذْكُرْ كَذَا، حَتَّى يَظَلَّ أحَدُكُم أنْ لَا يَدْرِى كَمْ صَلَّى". مُتَّفَقٌ عليهِ (٨). ورَوَاهُ مالكٌ، في "المُوَطَّإِ" (٩). ورُوِىَ عن عمرَ،
(٧) الحصاص: الضراط.(٨) أخرجه البخاري، في: باب فضل التأذين، من كتاب الأذان، وفي: باب يفكر الرجل الشيء في الصلاة، من كتاب العمل في الصلاة، وفي: باب إذا لم يدر كم صلى ثلاثا أو أربعا سجد سجدتين وهو جالس، وباب السهو في الفرض والتطوع، من كتاب السهو، وفي: باب صفة إبليس وجنوده، من كتاب بدء الخلق. صحيح البخاري ١/ ١٥٨، ٢/ ٨٤، ٨٥، ٨٧، ٤/ ١٥١. ومسلم، في باب فضل الأذان وهرب الشيطان عند سماعه، من كتاب الصلاة، وفي: باب السهو في الصلاة والسجود له، من كتاب المساجد. صحيح مسلم ١/ ٢٩١، ٢٩٢، ٣٩٨، ٣٩٩. كما أخرجه أبو داود، في: باب رفع الصوت في الأذان، من كتاب الصلاة. سنن أبي داود ١/ ١٢٣. والنسائي، في: باب فضل التأذين، من كتاب الأذان. المجتبى ٢/ ١٩. والدارمي، في: باب الشيطان إذا سمع النداء فرّ، وباب الرجل لا يدرى أثلاثا صلى أم أربعا، من كتاب الصلاة. سنن الدارمي ١/ ٢٧٣، ٣٥٠، ٣٥١. والإمام أحمد، في: المسند ٢/ ٣١٣، ٤٦٠، ٤٨٣، ٥٠٣، ٥٠٤، ٥٢٢.(٩) في: باب ما جاء في نداء الصلاة، من كتاب النداء. الموطأ ١/ ٦٩، ٧٠.