recite it before the companions of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace). Al-Aswad (21) narrated that he prayed behind Umar, and he heard him pronounce the takbir, then say: "Glory be to You, O Allah, and with Your praise; blessed is Your name, exalted is Your majesty, and there is no deity other than You." For this reason, Ahmad chose it, though he permitted opening the prayer with other [invocations] as well, because they have been authentically reported from the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace). However, regarding the hadith of Ali (22), some of them say: [It is recited] in the night prayer. Furthermore, because the practice [of reciting all of it] is abandoned, for we know of no one who recites the entire invocation; they only recite the beginning of it.
Section: Ahmad said: The Imam should not recite the opening invocation aloud. This is the position of the generality of scholars, because the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) did not recite it aloud, and it was only recited aloud by Umar in order to teach the people. If one forgets the opening invocation, or intentionally leaves it until he has commenced the seeking of refuge (isti'adhah), he does not return to it, because it is a Sunnah whose time has passed. Likewise, if he forgets the seeking of refuge until he has commenced the recitation, he does not return to it for the same reason.
147- Issue; He said: (Then he seeks refuge).
The sum of this is that seeking refuge before recitation in the prayer is a Sunnah. This was the view of al-Hasan, Ibn Sirin, Ata', al-Thawri, al-Awza'i, al-Shafi'i, Ishaq, and the People of Opinion (Ashab al-Ra'y). Malik said: One does not seek refuge, based on the hadith of Anas (1). Our evidence is the saying of Allah the Exalted: "So when you recite the Quran, seek refuge in Allah from Satan, the expelled" (2). And from Abu Sa'id, from the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace), that when he stood for prayer, he would open [with the invocation], then say: "I seek refuge in Allah, the All-Hearing, the All-Knowing, from the accursed Satan, from his hamz (stifling madness), his nafkh (arrogance), and his nafth (poisonous poetry)" (3). Al-Tirmidhi said: This is the most famous hadith on the subject. Ibn al-Mundhir said: It has been reported from the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) that he used to say before recitation: "I seek refuge in Allah from the accursed Satan."
(21) See the previous chapter in Sunan al-Daraqutni 1/299, 300. (22) Which preceded on page 143. (1) Which preceded on page 144. It is recorded by al-Daraqutni. (2) Surah al-Nahl: 98. (3) Recorded by al-Tirmidhi, in: The Chapter on What is Said at the Opening of the Prayer, from the Chapters on Prayer 2/40, 41. And Abu Dawud, in: The Chapter of One Who Favors Opening with 'Glory be to You, O Allah, and with Your praise', from the Book of Prayer, Sunan Abi Dawud 1/179. And al-Darimi, in: The Chapter on What is Said After the Opening of the Prayer, from the Book of Prayer 1/282. And Imam Ahmad, in: Al-Musnad 3/50.
رضىَ اللهُ عنهُ يَسْتَفْتِحُ بهِ بين يدىْ أصحابِ رسولِ اللهِ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-، فرَوَى الأسْوَدُ (٢١)، أنه صلَّى خَلْفَ عمرَ، فَسَمِعَهُ كَبَّرَ، فقال: سبحانَكَ اللَّهُمَّ وبحَمْدِكَ، وتبارَك اسمُكَ، وتَعالَى جَدُّكَ، ولا إلهَ غَيْرُكَ. فلذلِكَ اخْتَارَه أحمدُ، وجَوَّزَ الاسْتِفْتَاحَ بغيرِهِ، لكونِه قد صَحَّ عن النَّبِيِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-، إلَّا أنه قال في حديثِ عَلِيٍّ (٢٢): بعضُهم يقول: في صلاةِ الليلِ. ولأنَّ العَمَلَ به مَتْرُوكٌ، فإنَّا لا نَعْلَمُ أحَدًا يَسْتَفْتِحُ به كُلِّه، وإنَّمَا يَسْتَفْتِحُونَ بأوَّلِه.
فصل: قال أحمدُ: ولا يَجْهَرُ الإِمامُ بالافْتِتَاحِ. وعليهِ عامَّةُ أهْل العِلْمِ؛ لأنَّ النَّبِيَّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- لم يَجْهَرْ به، وَإنَّمَا جَهَرَ بهِ عمرُ، لِيُعَلِّمَ الناسَ. وإذا نَسِىَ الاسْتِفْتَاحَ، أو تَرَكَه عَمْدًا حتى شَرَعَ في الاسْتِعَاذَةِ، لم يَعُدْ إليه؛ لأنَّه سُنَّةٌ فَاتَ مَحَلُّها. وكذلكَ إنْ نَسِىَ التَّعَوُّذَ حتى شَرَعَ في القراءَةِ، لم يَعُدْ إليه لذلك.
١٤٧ - مسألة؛ قال: (ثُمَّ يَسْتَعِيذُ)
وجُمْلَةُ ذلكَ أنَّ الاسْتِعَاذَةَ قبلَ القراءَةِ في الصلاةِ سُنَّةٌ. وبذلك قال الحسنُ، وابْنُ سِيرِينَ، وعطاءٌ، وَالثَّوْرِيُّ، وَالأوْزَاعِيُّ، والشَّافِعيُّ، وإسْحاقُ، وأصْحابُ الرَّأْىِ. وقال مالكٌ: لا يَسْتَعِيذُ؛ لحديثِ أنَسٍ (١). ولَنا، قولُ اللهِ تعالى: {فَإِذَا قَرَأْتَ الْقُرْآنَ فَاسْتَعِذْ بِاللَّهِ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ} (٢). وعن أبي سعيدٍ، عن رسولِ اللهِ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-، أنَّه كان إذا قام إلى الصلاةِ اسْتَفْتَحَ، ثم يقولُ: "أعُوذُ بِالله السَّمِيعِ العَلِيمِ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ، مِنْ هَمْزِهِ، ونَفْخِهِ، ونَفْثِهِ (٣) ". قال التِّرمِذِىُّ: هذا أَشْهَرُ حديثٍ في البابِ. وقال ابن المنذِرِ: جاء عن النَّبِيِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- أنَّه كان يقولُ قبلَ القِرَاءَةِ: "أعُوذُ بِاللهِ مِنَ الشَّيْطانِ الرَّجِيمِ".
(٢١) انظر الباب السابق في سنن الدارقطني ١/ ٢٩٩، ٣٠٠.(٢٢) الذي تقدم في صفحة ١٤٣.(١) الذي تقدم في صفحة ١٤٤. وهو عند الدارقطني.(٢) سورة النحل ٩٨.(٣) أخرجه الترمذي، في: باب ما يقال عند افتتاح الصلاة، من أبواب الصلاة ٢/ ٤٠، ٤١. وأبو داود، في: من رأى الاستفتاح بسبحانك اللهم وبحمدك، من كتاب الصلاة. سنن أبي داود ١/ ١٧٩. والدارمي، في: باب ما يقال بعد افتتاح الصلاة، من كتاب الصلاة ١/ ٢٨٢. والإمام أحمد، في: المسند ٣/ ٥٠.
