Allah, I am often out hunting (6), so may I pray in a single shirt? He said: "Yes, and fasten it, even if with a thorn (7)." A hassan (good) hadith. [And what they mentioned is invalidated by [the laws of] faith and purification, for they are required for touching the Mushaf (copy of the Quran), and the issue [in question] is prohibited.] (8) Ibn Abd al-Barr said: Those who argued that covering is one of the obligatory acts of prayer did so based on the consensus regarding the corruption of the prayer of one who abandons his garment while being able to cover himself, and instead prays naked. He said: Upon this, they have all reached consensus. [Once this is established, the discussion shifts to the limit of the 'awrah, and the sound [position] in the madhhab is that for a man, it is] (9) what is between the navel and the knee. Ahmad explicitly stated this in a report from a group, and it is the view of Malik, al-Shafi'i, [and the companions of reason (Ashab al-Ra'y)] (10), and the majority of jurists. [And there is another report from Ahmad] (11) that it is the two private parts (the front and back). Muhanna said: I asked Ahmad: What is the 'awrah? He said: The front private part and the anus. This is the view of Ibn Abi Dhi'b and Dawud, due to what Anas narrated: That the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) on the day of Khaybar exposed his thigh, to the point that I could see the whiteness of the thigh of the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace). Narrated by al-Bukhari (12). And Aisha narrated, saying: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) was in his house with his thigh uncovered. Abu Bakr asked permission to enter, and he gave him permission while in that state. Then Umar asked permission, and he gave him permission while in that state (13). This indicates that it is not an 'awrah.