Chapter: The Two Prostrations of Forgetfulness (Sujud al-Sahw)
Imam Ahmad said: Five things are preserved from the Prophet (peace be upon him); he performed the taslim (salutation) after two [rak'ahs] and prostrated, he performed the taslim after three and prostrated, and [he prostrated for] both addition and omission, and he stood up from two [rak'ahs] and did not sit for the [first] tashahhud. Al-Khattabi said: The relied-upon [traditions] among the people of knowledge (120) are these five hadiths (121), meaning the two hadiths of Ibn Mas'ud, and those of Abu Sa'id, Abu Hurayrah, and Ibn Buhaynah.
214 - Issue: Abu al-Qasim said: (And whoever performs the taslim, while something of his prayer remains, let him perform what remains of his prayer, perform the taslim, then prostrate for the two prostrations of forgetfulness, then sit for the tashahhud and perform the taslim, just as it was narrated from Abu Hurayrah and 'Imran ibn Husayn, from the Prophet - peace be upon him - that he did that.)
The entirety of this is that whoever performs the taslim before completing his prayer (1) out of forgetfulness, then realizes it before the passage of a long duration and before the invalidation of his ritual purity (wudu'), he must perform what remains, then sit for the tashahhud and perform the taslim, then prostrate [the two prostrations of forgetfulness] (2), and perform the tashahhud and the taslim. If he does not remember until he has stood up, he must sit down so that he may rise to perform what remains from a sitting position; for this standing is obligatory for the prayer, and he did not perform it with the intention for it, so it was incumbent upon him to perform it with the intention (3). We do not know of any disagreement regarding the permissibility of completing the prayer for one who forgot a rak'ah (4) or more. The basis for this is what Ibn Sirin narrated from Abu Hurayrah, who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) led us in one of the two evening prayers - Ibn Sirin said:
(120) In the original, there is an addition: "upon". (121) Omitted from the original. (1) In M: "the prayer". (2) In M: "two prostrations". (3) In M: "the intention". (4) In M: "the rak'ah".
بابُ سَجْدَتَىِ السَّهْو
قال الإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: يُحْفَظُ عن النبيِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- خَمْسَةُ أَشْيَاءٍ؛ سَلَّمَ من اثْنَتَيْنِ فَسَجَدَ، وسَلَّمَ من ثَلَاثٍ فَسَجَدَ، وفى الزِّيَادَةِ والنُّقْصَانِ، وقَامَ من اثْنَتَيْنِ ولم يَتَشَهَّدْ. وقال الخَطَّابِيُّ: المُعْتَمَدُ عند أَهْلِ العِلْمِ (١٢٠) هذه الأَحَادِيث الخَمْسَة (١٢١)، يَعْنِى حَدِيثَىِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وأبِى سَعِيدٍ، وأبِى هُرَيْرَةَ، وابْنِ بُحَيْنَةَ
٢١٤ - مسألة؛ قال أبو القَاسِم: (ومَنْ سَلَّمَ، وقد بَقِىَ عَلَيْهِ شَىْءٌ مِنْ صَلَاتِه، أَتَى بِمَا بَقِىَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ صَلَاِتهِ، وسَلَّمَ، ثُمَّ سَجَد سَجْدَتَىِ السَّهْوِ، ثم تَشَهَّدَ وسَلَّمَ. كما رَوَى أبُو هُرَيْرَةَ، وعِمْرَانُ بنُ حُصَيْنٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- أنَّه فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ)
وجُمْلَةُ ذلك، أنَّ مَنْ سَلَّمَ قبل إتْمَامِ صلاتهِ (١) سَاهِيًا، ثم عَلِمَ قبل طُولِ الفَصْلِ ونَقْضِ وُضُوئِهِ، فعليه أن يَأْتِىَ بما بَقِىَ، ثم يَتَشَهَّدُ ويُسَلِّمُ، ثم يَسْجُدُ [سَجْدَتَىِ السَّهْوِ] (٢) ويَتَشَهَّدُ ويُسَلِّمُ. وإن لم يَذْكُرْ حتى قام، فعليه أن يَجْلِسَ لِيَنْهَضَ إلى الإِتْيَانِ بما بَقِىَ عن جُلُوسٍ؛ فإنَّ هذا القِيَامَ واجِبٌ للصَّلاةِ، ولم يَأْتِ به قاصِدًا لها، فكان عليه الإِتْيَانُ به مع النِّيَّةِ (٣). ولا نَعْلَمُ في جَوَازِ إتْمَامِ الصَّلاةِ في حَقِّ من نَسِىَ رَكْعةً (٤) فما زَادَ اخْتِلافًا. والأصْلُ في ذلك ما رَوَى ابنُ سِيرِينَ، عن أبي هُرَيْرَةَ، قال: صَلَّى بنا رَسُولُ اللهِ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- إحْدَى صَلَاتَىِ العَشِيِّ - قال ابنُ سِيرِينَ:
(١٢٠) في الأصل زيادة: "على".(١٢١) سقط من: الأصل.(١) في م: "الصلاة".(٢) في م: "سجدتين".(٣) في م: "القصد".(٤) في م: "الركعة".
