which are after the taslim. He said: He performed the taslim after two rak'ahs, then prostrated after the taslim; this is the hadith of Dhu al-Yadayn. He performed the taslim after three, then prostrated after the taslim; this is the hadith of 'Imran ibn Husayn. The hadith of Ibn Mas'ud regarding the instance of discretionary effort (taharri) indicates he prostrated after the taslim. The Qadi said: There is no difference of opinion in Ahmad's school regarding these two instances, that he prostrates for them after the taslim. There is disagreement regarding one who forgets and prays five, whether he should prostrate before or after the taslim; there are two narrations. As for what is other than these three instances (5), he prostrates for it before the taslim according to a single narration. This is also the position of Sulayman ibn Dawud, Abu Khaythama, and Ibn al-Mundhir. Abu al-Khattab narrated from Ahmad two other narrations: First, that all prostration is before the taslim. This was narrated from Abu Hurayrah, Makhul, al-Zuhri, Yahya al-Ansari, Rabi'ah, al-Layth, and al-Awza'i. This is the school of al-Shafi'i, based on the hadith of Ibn Buhaynah and Abu Sa'id (6). Al-Zuhri said: The final of the two matters was prostration before the taslim. This is because it is a completion of the prayer (7) and a rectification for its deficiency, so it is before its taslim, like all of its other actions. Second, that whatever was due to a deficiency, he prostrates for it before the taslim, based on the hadith of Ibn Buhaynah. And whatever was due to an addition, he prostrates for it after the taslim, based on the hadith of Dhu al-Yadayn and the hadith of Ibn Mas'ud when the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) prayed five. This is the school of Malik and Abu Thawr. [It has been narrated] (8) from Ibn Mas'ud that he said: 'For everything you doubt in your prayer concerning a deficiency, such as a bowing, a prostration, or other than that, rely on your predominant thought and perform the two prostrations of forgetfulness for this type before the taslim. As for other instances of forgetfulness, perform them after the taslim.' Sa'id narrated it. The scholars of opinion (Ashab al-Ra'y) said: All prostration of forgetfulness is after the taslim, and he has the choice to perform it before the taslim. Similar to this was narrated (9) from 'Ali, Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas, Ibn Mas'ud, 'Ammar, Ibn 'Abbas, Ibn al-Zubayr, Anas, al-Hasan, al-Nakha'i, and Ibn Abi Layla, based on the hadith of Dhu al-Yadayn and the hadith of Ibn Mas'ud regarding discretionary effort.