major sin; as for one of them, he used not to screen himself from his urine." Agreed upon (6). In another narration: "He used not to keep himself clean from his urine." This is because it is one of the two purifications, so it is a condition for prayer, like purity from ritual impurity (hadath).

Section: Purity of the place of prayer is also a condition. This refers to the place upon which one's limbs fall and which is touched by the garments one is wearing. Thus, if the end of a turban is upon one's head, and its other end falls onto impurity, one's prayer is not valid. Ibn Aqil mentioned a possibility concerning what one's garments happen to touch, specifically that its purity is not a condition; because one is in contact with it through something separated from one's self, similar to if a person with an impure garment were to pray beside him, and his garment touched him. The first view is the [established] madhhab; because one's covering is a dependent of oneself, so it is like the limbs of one's prostration. As for when one's garment touches something impure, such as the garment of someone praying beside him, or a wall against which he is not leaning, Ibn Aqil said: His prayer is not invalidated by that; because it is not a place for his body nor his covering. It is possible that it is invalidated; because his covering is in contact with impurity, similar to if it had fallen upon it. If the impurity is parallel to his body during his prostration, such that nothing of his body or limbs touches it, it does not prevent the validity of his prayer; because he did not make contact with the impurity, so it is similar to if it were out of his line of sight.

Section: If one prays, and then sees impurity upon his body or his garments, not knowing whether it was upon him during the prayer or not, his prayer is valid; because the original state is its absence during the prayer. If he knows that it was present during the prayer, but was ignorant of it until he finished the prayer, there are two narrations [in the madhhab]: one of them is