The places where camels spend the night during their journey, or where they are made to kneel for fodder or water, do not prohibit prayer in them. Al-Athram said: I heard Abu Abd Allah asked about a place containing camel dung in which one prays? He granted a concession for it, then said: If it is not one of the camel resting places that are forbidden for prayer, which is where camels dwell.
Section: It is disliked to pray facing these locations, but if one does so, their prayer is valid. Ahmad stipulated this in the narration of Abu Talib. He was asked about praying toward a graveyard, a bathhouse, and a latrine? He said: It is not appropriate for there to be a grave, a latrine, or a bathhouse in the qibla, but if there is, it suffices. Abu Bakr said: There are two opinions regarding the repetition of the prayer; one of them is that he must repeat it, because of the prohibition, and this is what I maintain. The second is: It is valid, because he did not pray in any of the prohibited locations. Abu Abd Allah ibn Hamid said: If one prays toward a graveyard or a latrine, its ruling is the ruling of one who prays in them, provided there is no barrier between him and them, because of what Abu Marthad al-Ghanawi narrated, that he heard the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, say: "Do not pray toward graves, and do not sit upon them." Unanimously agreed upon (24). Al-Athram said: Ahmad mentioned the hadith of Abu Marthad, then said: Its chain of transmission is sound. Anas said: Umar saw me while I was praying toward a grave, and he began signaling to me: "The grave, the grave!" The Qadi said: In this is an alert regarding its counterparts among the locations in which prayer is prohibited. The correct [view] is that there is no harm in praying toward any of these places except the graveyard; because his saying, peace and blessings be upon him, "The earth has been made a place of prayer," encompasses the location in which someone prays who has it in their qibla. Analogizing that to praying toward the graveyard is not valid; because if the prohibition is devotional, its meaning not understood by reason, then extending it and applying analogy to it is prevented. And if it is for a specific meaning, it is the taking of graves as mosques, or imitating those who venerate them and pray toward them, then the ruling does not extend beyond them; due to the absence of the meaning in others, and the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, has said: "Those before you used to take the graves of their prophets and righteous people as mosques; beware, do not take graves as mosques, for I forbid you from that." And he said: "The curse of Allah be upon the Jews and the Christians; they took the graves of their prophets as mosques." He is warning against what they did. Unanimously agreed upon (25). Based on this, prayer is not valid toward graves due to the prohibition against it, while it is valid toward others as they remain under the generality of permissibility, and the impossibility of analogizing them to that for which a prohibition has been revealed. And Allah knows best.
(24) This is how Ibn Qudama mentioned it, and al-Bukhari did not include it. See: Tuhfat al-Ashraf 8/469. It was recorded by Muslim, in: The Chapter on the Prohibition of Sitting on the Grave and Praying Upon It, from the Book of Funerals, Sahih Muslim 2/668. It was also recorded by Abu Dawud, in: The Chapter on the Dislike of Sitting on the Grave, from the Book of Funerals, Sunan Abi Dawud 1/194; and al-Tirmidhi, in: The Chapter on What Has Been Said Regarding the Dislike of Treading Upon Graves, Sitting Upon Them, and Praying Toward Them, from the Chapters on Funerals, 'Aridat al-Ahwadhi 4/270; and al-Nasa'i, in: The Chapter on the Prohibition of Praying Toward the Grave, from the Book of Qibla, al-Mujtaba 2/53; and Imam Ahmad, in: al-Musnad 4/135.
المَواضِعُ التي تَبِيتُ فيها الإِبِلُ في مَسِيرِها، أو تُنَاخُ فيها لِعَلْفِهَا أو وِرْدِها، فلا يُمْنَعُ الصَّلاةُ فيها. قال الأثْرَمُ: سمعتُ أبا عبدِ اللَّه يُسْأَلُ عن مَوْضِعٍ فيه أَبْعارُ الإِبِلِ يُصَلَّى فيه؟ فَرَخَّصَ فيه، ثم قال: إذا لم يكنْ من مَعَاطِنِ الإِبِلِ، التي نُهِىَ عن الصَّلاةِ فيها، التي تَأْوِى إليها الإِبِلُ.
فصل: ويُكْرَهُ أن يُصَلِّىَ إلى هذه المَوَاضِعِ، فإن فَعَلَ صَحَّتْ صَلاتُه. نَصَّ عليه أحمدُ في رِوَايَةِ أبي طَالِبٍ. وقد سُئِلَ عن الصَّلاةِ إلى المَقْبَرَةِ والحَمَّامِ والحُشِّ؟ قال: لا يَنْبَغِى أن يكونَ في القِبْلَةِ قَبْرٌ، ولا حُشٌّ، ولا حَمَّامٌ، فإن كان، يُجْزِئُه. وقال أبو بكرٍ: يتوَجَّه في الإِعادَةِ قَوْلان؛ أحَدُهما، يُعِيدُ؛ لِمْوضِعِ النَّهْى، وبه أقولُ. والثَّانِى: يَصِحُّ؛ لأنَّه لم يُصَلِّ في شيءٍ من المَوَاضِع المَنْهىِّ عنها. وقال أبو عبدِ اللَّه بِنُ حامِدٍ: إنْ صَلَّى إلى المَقْبَرَةِ والحُشِّ، فحُكْمُه حُكْمُ المُصَلِّى فيهما إذا لم يكن بينه وبَيْنَهما حائِلٌ؛ لما رَوَى أبُو مَرْثَدٍ الغَنَوِيُّ، أنه سَمِعَ رسولَ اللهِ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-، يقولُ: "لا تُصَلُّوا إلى القُبُورِ، ولا تَجْلِسُوا إلَيْها". مُتَّفَقٌ عليه (٢٤). وقال الأثْرَمُ: ذَكَرَ أحمدُ حديثَ أبي مَرْثَدٍ، ثم قال: إسْنادُه جَيِّدٌ. وقال أنَسٌ: رَآنِى عمرُ، وأنا أُصَلِّى إلى قَبْرٍ، فجَعَلَ يُشِيرُ إلَيَّ: القَبْر، القَبْر. قال القاضي: وفى هذا تَنْبِيهٌ على نَظَائِرِه من المَوَاضِع التي نُهِىَ عن الصَّلاةِ فيها. والصَّحِيحُ أنَّه لا بَأْسَ بالصَّلاةِ إلى شَىءٍ من هذه المَوَاضِع إلّا المَقْبَرَةَ؛ لأنَّ قَوْلَه -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "جُعِلَت الأرْضُ مَسْجِدًا" يتَنَاوَلُ المَوْضِعَ الذي يُصَلِّى فيه مَن هي في قِبْلَتهِ، وقِيَاسُ ذلك على الصَّلاةِ إلى المَقْبَرَةِ لا يَصِحُّ؛ لأنَّ النَّهْيَ إنْ كان تَعَبُّدًا غيرَ مَعْقُولِ المَعْنَى امْتَنَعَ تَعْدِيتُهُ ودُخُولُ القِيَاسِ فيه، وإن كان لِمَعْنًى مُخْتَصٍّ
(٢٤) كذا ذكر ابن قدامة، ولم يخرجه البخاري. انظر: تحفة الأشراف ٨/ ٤٦٩. وأخرجه مسلم، في: باب النهي عن الجلوس على القبر والصلاة عليه، من كتاب الجنائز. صحيح مسلم ٢/ ٦٦٨. كما أخرجه أبو داود، في: باب في كراهية القعود على القبر، من كتاب الجنائز. سنن أبي داود ١/ ١٩٤. والترمذي، في: باب ما جاء في كراهية الوطء على القبور والجلوس عليها والصلاة إليها، من أبواب الجنائز. عارضة الأحوذى ٤/ ٢٧٠. والنسائي، في: باب النهي عن الصلاة إلى القبر، من كتاب القبلة. المجتبى ٢/ ٥٣. والإمام أحمد، في: المسند ٤/ ١٣٥.