235 - Issue: He said: "And one prays if he is in the mosque and the prayer is established, although he has already prayed (1)."

The summary of this is that whoever has performed his obligatory prayer and then catches that prayer in a congregation, it is recommended for him to repeat it, regardless of which prayer it was, provided that it is established while he is in the mosque, or he enters the mosque while they are praying. This is the opinion of al-Hasan, al-Shafi'i, and Abu Thawr. If the Fajr or Asr prayer is established while he is outside the mosque, it is not recommended for him to enter. Al-Qadi stipulated for the permissibility of repeating it during the time of prohibition that one must be with the local Imam. Al-Khiraqi did not differentiate between the local Imam and others, nor between those praying in congregation and those praying individually. The words of Ahmad also point to this. Al-Athram said: I asked Abu Abd Allah about someone who prayed in a congregation and then entered the mosque while they were praying; should he pray with them? He said: Yes. And he mentioned the hadith of Abu Hurayrah: "As for this, he has disobeyed Abu al-Qasim (2)." It is merely a supererogatory prayer (nafilah), so he should not enter; however, if he enters, he should pray, even if he has already prayed in a congregation. It was said to Abu Abd Allah: "And the Maghrib prayer?" He said: "Yes, except that in the Maghrib prayer, he should make it even [by praying an additional rak'ah]." Malik said: "If he prayed alone, he should repeat the Maghrib, but if he prayed in a congregation, he should not repeat it; because the hadith indicating the repetition states: 'We have prayed in our dwellings (3)." Abu Hanifah said: "The Fajr, Asr, and Maghrib prayers are not to be repeated; [because it is a supererogatory prayer, so it is not permissible to perform it during the time of prohibition due to the generality of the hadith concerning it, and the Maghrib is not repeated] (4) because a voluntary prayer cannot be an odd number [of rak'ahs]." From Ibn Umar and al-Nakha'i: All prayers are repeated except for the Subh (Fajr) and Maghrib. Abu Musa, Abu Mijlaz, Malik, al-Thawri, and al-Awza'i said: All of them are repeated except for the Maghrib, so that one does not perform a voluntary prayer as an odd number. Al-Hakim said: "Except for the Subh alone." Our argument is what was narrated by Jabir ibn Yazid ibn...