and it is not mandatory; because he (al-Khiraqi) categorized abandoning it as disliked. This is the view of Abu Hanifah and al-Shafi'i; because it is a call to prayer, similar to his saying: 'As-salatu jami'ah' (The prayer is about to begin/join in prayer). Abu Bakr ibn Abd al-Aziz said: It is a communal obligation (fard kifayah). This is the view of most of our companions and the view of some of the followers of Malik. Ata', Mujahid, and al-Awza'i said: It is a mandatory duty (fard); because the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) commanded Malik and his companion [to perform it], and he, his successors, and his companions persisted in it, and a command implies obligation, and his persistence in doing it is evidence of its obligation. Furthermore, it is one of the manifest rituals of Islam, so it is a duty like Jihad. According to the view of our companions, if those who fulfill the communal obligation perform it, it is lifted from the rest; because Bilal used to perform the Adhan for the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), and that was sufficient. If someone prays without Adhan or Iqamah, the prayer is valid according to both views, based on what was narrated from Alqama and al-Aswad, that they said: 'We entered upon Abdullah, and he prayed with us without Adhan or Iqamah.' Narrated by al-Athram. I do not know of anyone who disagreed on this except Ata', who said: 'Whoever forgets the Iqamah should repeat the prayer.' Al-Awza'i once said: 'He should repeat it as long as he is within the time, but if the time has passed, there is no repetition upon him.' This is an irregular view (shudhudh), and the correct view is the opinion of the majority, for the reasons we mentioned, and because the Iqamah is one of the two calls, so the prayer is not corrupted by abandoning it, just as with the other one.

Section: Those among our companions who made the Adhan mandatory only made it so for the people of the city (misr). The Qadi stated the same: It is not mandatory for those other than the people of the city, such as travelers. Malik said: It is only...