and the Friday prayer is two rak'ahs, and the Eid prayer is two rak'ahs; they are complete [prayers] and not a shortening, according to the tongue of Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and he who fabricates [a lie against him] has surely failed. Reported by Sa'id and Ibn Majah (6). It was narrated from Ibrahim that he said: A man came to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and said: 'O Messenger of Allah, I intend to go to Bahrain for trade, so what do you command me regarding the prayer?' The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said to him: 'Pray two rak'ahs' (7). Reported by Sa'id, from Abu Mu'awiyah, from al-A'mash, from Ibrahim. Safwan ibn 'Assal said: The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, commanded us, if we were traveling on a journey, not to remove our socks for three days and their nights (8). These texts indicate the permissibility of taking concessions (9) in every type of travel, and the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, used to take concessions while returning from his journey, and it is permissible.
Section: These concessions are not permitted in a journey of disobedience, such as fleeing [from service], highway robbery, and trading in wine and prohibited items. Ahmad explicitly stated this. This is the implication of al-Khiraqi due to his restriction [of it] to obligatory and permissible [travel]. This is the opinion of al-Shafi'i. Al-Thawri, al-Awza'i, and Abu Hanifah said: He may do so, arguing based on the texts we have mentioned, and because he is a traveler, so he is permitted to take the concession just like the obedient person. Our evidence is the saying of Allah the Exalted: 'But whoever is forced [by necessity], neither desiring [it] nor transgressing [its limit], there is no sin upon him.' He permitted eating for one who is neither a transgressor nor a seeker of pleasure, so it is not permitted for a seeker of pleasure nor a transgressor. Ibn 'Abbas said: 'Neither a transgressor against the Muslims, nor one who separates himself from their community, nor one who threatens the path,'
= of the prayer in travel, from the Book of Establishing Prayer. Sunan Ibn Majah 1/339. And Imam Ahmad, in: Al-Musnad 1/355. (6) Reported by Ibn Majah, in: The chapter on shortening the prayer in travel, from the Book of Establishing Prayer. Sunan Ibn Majah 1/338. It was also reported by al-Nasa'i, in: The chapter on shortening the prayer in travel, from the Book of Shortening, and in: The chapter on the number of rak'ahs for the two Eids, from the Book of the Two Eids. Al-Mujtaba 3/97, 149. And Imam Ahmad, in: Al-Musnad 1/37. (7) Reported by Ibn Abi Shaybah, in: The chapter on one who used to shorten the prayer, from the Book of Prayer. Al-Musannaf 2/448. (8) Preceded in 1/362. (9) In [manuscripts] A and M: "concessions" (al-rukhas). (10) Surah al-Baqarah: 173.
والجُمُعةِ رَكْعَتَانِ، والعِيدِ رَكْعَتَانِ، تَمَامٌ غَيْرُ قَصْرٍ، عَلَى لِسَانِ مُحَمَّدٍ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-، وقد خَابَ مَن افْتَرَى. رَوَاهُ سَعِيدٌ، وابْنُ مَاجَه (٦). ورُوِىَ عن إبراهيمَ أنَّه قال: أتَى رَسُولَ اللهِ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- رَجُلٌ فقال: يا رسولَ اللهِ إنِّي أُرِيدُ البَحْرَيْنِ في تِجَارَةٍ، فكَيْفَ تَأْمُرُنى في الصلاةِ؟ فقال له رسولُ اللهِ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "صَلِّ رَكْعَتَيْنِ" (٧). رَوَاهُ سَعِيدٌ، عن أبي مُعاوِيَةَ، عن الأعْمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ. وقال صَفْوَانُ بنُ عَسَّالٍ: أَمَرَنَا رسولُ اللَّه -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- إذا كُنَّا مُسَافِرِينَ سَفَرًا أن لا نَنْزِعَ خِفَافَنَا ثَلَاثَةَ أيَّامٍ ولَيَالِيهِنَّ (٨). وهذه النُّصُوصُ تَدُلُّ على إبَاحَةِ التَّرَخُّصِ (٩) في كُلِّ سَفَرٍ، وقد كان النَّبِىُّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- يَتَرَخَّصُ في عَوْدِه من سَفَرِه، وهو مُباحٌ.
فصل: ولا تُبَاحُ هذه الرُّخَصُ في سَفَرِ المَعْصِيَةِ كالإِبَاقِ، وقَطْعِ الطَّرِيقِ، والتِّجَارَةِ في الخَمْرِ والمُحَرَّمَاتِ. نَصَّ عليه أحْمدُ. وهو مَفْهومُ الْخِرَقِىِّ لِتَخْصِيصِه الوَاجِبَ والمُباحَ. وهذا قولُ الشَّافِعِىِّ. وقال الثَّوْرِىُّ، والأوْزَاعِىُّ، وأبو حنيفةَ: له ذلك؛ احْتِجَاجًا بما ذَكَرْنا من النُّصُوصِ، ولأنَّه مُسَافِرٌ، فأُبِيحَ له التَّرَخُّصَ كالمُطِيعِ. ولنَا، قَوْلُ اللهِ تعالى: {فَمَنِ اضْطُرَّ غَيْرَ بَاغٍ وَلَا عَادٍ فَلَا إِثْمَ عَلَيْهِ} (١٠). أبَاحَ الأكْلَ لمن لم يَكُنْ عَادِيًا ولا بَاغِيًا، فلا يُبَاحُ لِبَاغٍ ولا عَادٍ. قال ابنُ عَبَّاسٍ: غير باغٍ على المُسْلِمِينَ، مُفَارِقٍ لِجَمَاعَتِهِمْ، يُخِيفُ السَّبِيلَ،
= الصلاة في السفر، من كتاب إقامة الصلاة. سنن ابن ماجه ١/ ٣٣٩. والإِمام أحمد، في: المسند ١/ ٣٥٥.(٦) أخرجه ابن ماجه، في: باب تقصير الصلاة في السفر، من كتاب إقامة الصلاة. سنن ابن ماجه ١/ ٣٣٨. كما أخرجه النسائي، في: باب تقصير الصلاة في السفر، من كتاب القصر، وفى: باب عدد صلاة العيدين، من كتاب العيدين. المجتبى ٣/ ٩٧، ١٤٩. والإِمام أحمد، في: المسند ١/ ٣٧.(٧) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة، في: باب من كان يقصر الصلاة، من كتاب الصلاة. المصنف ٢/ ٤٤٨.(٨) تقدم في ١/ ٣٦٢.(٩) في أ، م: "الرخص".(١٠) سورة البقرة ١٧٣.
