lacking in excellence. He did not mean it was not a shortening of the number of rak'ahs, because that is contrary to what the Quranic verse and the consensus indicate, as the difference of opinion is only regarding shortening versus completing. It has been established by his own narration from the Prophet, peace and blessings of God be upon him, in the hadith of Ya'la ibn Umayyah, that it is shortened. Similar to this is what Mujahid narrated, who said: A man came to Ibn 'Abbas and said: "I and a companion of mine were on a journey; my companion would shorten [the prayer] and I would complete it." Ibn 'Abbas said to him: "It was you who were shortening, and your companion who was completing." Recorded by al-Athram. He meant that his action was better than yours. Then, even if it were established that the original obligation was two rak'ahs, it would not preclude the permissibility of increasing upon them, just as when one follows a resident Imam. This differs from increasing two rak'ahs upon the Dawn (Fajr) prayer, as it is never permissible to increase them under any circumstances.
272 - Issue: He said: "And shortening [the prayer] and breaking the fast is more pleasing to Abu 'Abd Allah, may God have mercy upon him."
As for shortening, it is better than completing it according to the opinion of the majority of scholars, and a group of them disliked completing it. Ahmad said: "It does not please me." Ibn 'Abbas said to the one who told him: "I used to complete the prayer and my companion would shorten it": "It was you who were shortening, and your companion who was completing." Ibn 'Umar was harsh toward those who completed the prayer; it is narrated that a man asked him about the prayer of the traveler, and he said: "Two rak'ahs; whoever opposes the Sunnah has disbelieved." Bishr ibn Harb said: "I asked Ibn 'Umar: 'How is the traveler's prayer, O Abu 'Abd al-Rahman?' He said: 'Are you going to follow the Sunnah of your Prophet, peace and blessings of God be upon him, so I can inform you? Or will you not follow the Sunnah of your Prophet, so I will not inform you?' We said: 'The best thing to follow is the Sunnah of our Prophet, O Abu 'Abd al-Rahman.' He said: 'The Messenger of God, peace and blessings of God be upon him, when he left Madinah, would not increase [the prayer] beyond two rak'ahs.'"
(11) In the narration of Ibn Abi Shaybah: "Rather, it was you who were shortening, and your companion who was completing." (12) Recorded by Ibn Abi Shaybah, in: The Chapter on Those Who Used to Shorten the Prayer, from the Book of Prayer, al-Musannaf 2/449, 500. (1) Previously cited on page 122.
نَاقِصَة الفَضِيلَةِ. ولم يُرِدْ أنَّها غيرُ مَقْصَورَةِ الرَّكَعَاتِ؛ لأنَّه خِلَافُ ما دَلَّتْ عليه الآيَةُ والإِجْمَاعُ، إذ الخِلَافُ إنَّما هو في القَصْرِ والإِتْمَامِ، وقد ثَبَتَ بِرِوَايَتِه عن النَّبِيِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- في حَدِيثِ يَعْلَى بن أُمَيَّةَ أنَّها مَقْصُورَةٌ، ويُشْبِهُ هذا ما رَوَاهُ مُجَاهِدٌ، قال: جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إلى ابنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فقال: إني وصَاحِبٌ لي كُنَّا في سَفَرٍ، وكان صَاحِبِى يَقْصُرُ وأنا أُتِمُّ. فقالَ له ابنُ عَبَّاسٍ: أنتَ كنتَ تَقْصُرُ وصَاحِبُكَ يُتِمُّ (١١)؛ رَوَاه الأثْرَمُ (١٢)، أرادَ أن فِعْلَه أفْضَلُ من فِعْلِكَ. ثم لو ثَبَتَ أنَّ أصْلَ الفَرْضِ رَكْعَتَانِ لم يَمْتَنِعْ جَوَازُ الزِّيَادَةِ عليها، كما لو ائْتَمَّ بِمُقِيمٍ، ويُخَالِف زِيادة رَكْعَتَيْنِ على صَلَاةِ الفَجْرِ، فإنَّه لا يَجُوزُ زِيادتُهما بِحالٍ.
٢٧٢ - مسألة؛ قال: (والقَصْرُ والفِطْرُ أَعْجَبُ إلَى أبى عَبْدِ اللهِ، رَحِمَهُ اللهُ)
أمَّا القَصْرُ فهو أفْضَلُ من الإِتْمامِ في قولِ جُمْهُورِ العُلماءِ، وقد كَرِهَ جماعةٌ منهم الإِتْمامَ. قال أحمدُ: ما يُعْجِبُنِى. وقال ابنُ عَبَّاسٍ للذى قال له: كنتُ أُتِمُّ الصَّلَاةَ وصَاحِبِى يَقْصُرُ: أنتَ الذي كنتَ تَقْصُرُ وصَاحِبُكَ يُتِمُّ. وشَدَّدَ ابنُ عمرَ على من أتَمَّ الصلاةَ، رُوِىَ أن رَجُلًا سَأَلَهُ عن صلاةِ السَّفَرِ، فقال: رَكْعَتَانِ، فمَن خَالَفَ السُّنَّةَ كَفَرَ (١). وقال بِشْرُ بنُ حَرْبٍ: سَأَلْتُ ابنَ عمرَ: كيف صَلَاةُ السَّفَرِ يا أبا عبد الرحمنِ؟ قال أما أنْتُمْ تَتَّبِعُونَ سُنَّةَ نَبِيِّكُمْ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- أخْبَرْتُكُمْ، وأما لا تَتَّبِعُونَ سُنَّةَ نَبِيِّكُم فلا أُخْبِرُكُم؟ قلنا: فخَيْرُ ما اتُّبعَ سُنَّةُ نَبِيِّنَا يا أبا عبدِ الرحمنِ. قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عليه وسَلَّمَ إذا خَرَجَ بن المَدِينَةِ لم يَزِدْ على رَكْعَتَيْنِ
(١١) في رواية ابن أبي شيبة: بل أنت الذي كنت تقصر وصاحبك الذي كان يتم.(١٢) وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة، في: باب من كان يقصر الصلاة، من كتاب الصلاة. المصنف ٢/ ٤٤٩، ٥٠٠.(١) تقدم في صفحة ١٢٢.
