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Al-Mughni by Ibn Qudama - Edited by Al-Turki
Volume 3 · Page 12

Translation · EN

it may happen that something occurs to him during the prayer for which he would not know what to do except through jurisprudence (fiqh) (2); thus, he is more worthy, just as in the supreme imamate and the judiciary. Our argument is what Aws ibn Dam'aj reported from Abu Mas'ud, that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "The one who leads the people in prayer is the one who is most well-versed in the Book of Allah. If they are equal in recitation, then the one who is most knowledgeable of the Sunnah. If they are equal in the Sunnah, then the one who is most ancient in emigration (hijrah). If they are equal in emigration, then the one who is most senior in age," or he said, "in submission (silm)" (3). Abu Sa'id reported that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "If there are three gathered, one of them should lead them, and the most entitled among them to lead is the most well-versed in recitation." Both are narrated by Muslim (4). From Ibn Umar, he said: When the first Muhajirun arrived at Al-'Asbah (5), a place in Quba', Salim, the freed slave of Abu Hudhayfah, used to lead them in prayer, and he was the one among them with the most Quran. It was narrated by Al-Bukhari and Abu Dawud (6). Among them were Umar ibn al-Khattab and Abu Salamah ibn Abd al-Asad. In the hadith of 'Amr (7) ibn Salamah, it is stated that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "The one among you with the most Quran should lead you" (8). Furthermore, because

Notes

(2) In M, there is an addition: "in it". (3) Meaning: in Islam. (4) The first is in: The Chapter on Who is Most Entitled to Lead, from the Book of Mosques. Sahih Muslim 1/465. It was also recorded by Abu Dawud in: The Chapter on Who is Most Entitled to Lead, from the Book of Prayer, Sunan Abi Dawud 1/137; Al-Tirmidhi in: The Chapter on Who is Most Entitled to Lead, from the Chapters on Prayer, 'Aridat al-Ahwadhi 2/34; Al-Nasa'i in: The Chapter on Who is Most Entitled to Lead, from the Book of Imamate, Al-Mujtaba 2/59; Ibn Majah in: The Chapter on Who is Most Entitled to Lead, from the Book of Establishing Prayer, Sunan Ibn Majah 1/313, 314; and Imam Ahmad in: Al-Musnad 4/118, 121, 5/272. The second is in: The Chapter on Who is Most Entitled to Lead, from the Book of Mosques. Sahih Muslim 1/464. It was also recorded by Al-Nasa'i in: The Chapter on the Gathering of People in a Place Where They Are Equal, and The Chapter on the Congregation if They are Three, from the Book of Imamate, Al-Mujtaba 2/60, 80; Al-Darimi in: The Chapter on Who is Most Entitled to Lead, from the Book of Prayer, Sunan al-Darimi 1/286; and Imam Ahmad in: Al-Musnad 3/24, 34, 36, 48, 51, 84. (5) With a fat-ha or a damma on the 'ayn. (6) Recorded by Al-Bukhari in: The Chapter on the Imamate of the Slave and the Freed Slave, from the Book of Adhan, Sahih al-Bukhari 1/178. And by Abu Dawud in: The Chapter on Who is Most Entitled to Lead, from the Book of Prayer, Sunan Abi Dawud 1/138. The part starting from "Among them were..." is found in Abu Dawud. (7) In the manuscripts: "Umar". (8) Recorded by Al-Bukhari in: The Chapter of 'And Al-Layth said, Yunus told me...', from the Book of Military Expeditions, Sahih al-Bukhari

Arabic (Source)

يَنُوبُه في الصَّلَاةِ ما لا يَدْرِى ما يَفْعَلُ فيه إلَّا بالفِقْهِ (٢)، فيَكُونُ أَوْلَى، كالإِمَامةِ الكُبْرَى والحُكْمِ. ولَنا، ما رَوَى أَوْسُ بن ضَمْعَجٍ، عن أبي مَسْعُودٍ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- قال: "يَؤُمُّ القَوْمَ أَقْرَؤُهُم لِكِتَابِ اللهِ، فَإنْ كَانُوا فِى الْقِرَاءَةِ سَوَاءً فَأَعْلَمُهُم بالسُّنَّةِ، فَإنْ كَانُوا في السُّنَّةِ سَوَاءً فأَقْدَمُهُم هِجْرَةً، فَإنْ كَانُوا في الهِجْرَةِ سَوَاءً فأَقْدَمُهُم سِنًّا". أو قال: "سِلْمًا" (٣). ورَوَى أبو سَعِيدٍ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- قال: "إذا اجْتَمَعَ ثَلَاثَةٌ فَلْيَؤُمَّهُم أَحَدُهُمْ، وأَحَقُّهُمْ بالإِمَامَةِ أَقْرَؤُهُمْ". رَوَاهُما مُسْلِمٌ (٤). وعن ابنِ عمرَ، قال: لمَّا قَدِمَ المُهَاجِرُونَ الأَوَّلُونَ العَصْبَةَ (٥)، موضع بقُبَاءَ، كان يَؤُمُّهُم سَالِمٌ مَوْلَى أبى حُذَيْفَةَ، وكان أكْثَرَهم قُرْآنًا. رَوَاه البُخَارِىُّ، وأبو دَاوُدَ (٦). وكان فيهم عمرُ بنُ الخَطَّابِ، وأبو سلمةَ بن عبدِ الأسدِ. وفي حَدِيثِ عمرِو (٧) بن سَلَمَةَ أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- قال: "لِيَؤُمَّكُمْ أَكْثَرُكُمْ قُرْآنًا" (٨). ولأنَّ

Notes

(٢) في م زيادة: "فيه".(٣) أي إسلاما.(٤) الأول، في: باب من أحق بالإمامة، من كتاب المساجد. صحيح مسلم ١/ ٤٦٥. كما أخرجه أبو داود، في: باب من أحق بالإمامة، من كتاب الصلاة، سنن أبي داود ١/ ١٣٧. والترمذي، في: باب من أحق بالإمامة، من أبواب الصلاة. عارضة الأحوذى ٢/ ٣٤. والنسائي، في: باب من أحق بالإمامة، من كتاب الإمامة. المجتبى ٢/ ٥٩. وابن ماجه، في: باب من أحق بالإِمامة، من كتاب إقامة الصلاة. سنن ابن ماجه ١/ ٣١٣، ٣١٤. والإِمام أحمد، في: المسند ٤/ ١١٨، ١٢١، ٥/ ٢٧٢.والثانى في: باب من أحق بالإمامة، من كتاب المساجد. صحيح مسلم ١/ ٤٦٤. كما أخرجه النسائي، في: باب اجتماع القوم في موضع هم فيه سواء، باب الجماعة إذا كانوا ثلاثة، من كتاب الإمامة. المجتبى ٢/ ٦٠، ٨٠ والدارمى، في: باب من أحق بالإِمامة، من كتاب الصلاة. سنن الدارمي ١/ ٢٨٦. والإِمام أحمد، في: المسند ٣/ ٢٤، ٣٤، ٣٦، ٤٨، ٥١، ٨٤.(٥) بفتح العين أو بضمها.(٦) أخرجه البخاري، في: باب إمامة العبد والمولى، من كتاب الأذان. صحيح البخاري ١/ ١٧٨. وأبو داود، في: باب من أحق بالإمامة، من كتاب الصلاة. سنن أبي داود ١/ ١٣٨. ومن أول قوله "وكان فيهم. . ." الآتى، عند أبي داود.(٧) في النسخ: "عمر".(٨) أخرجه البخاري، في: باب وقال الليث حدثني يونس. . .، من كتاب المغازى. صحيح البخاري =

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