is invalid, for Friday prayer is not performed as a makeup, and it requires two sermons, a specific number [of congregants], and permanent residency, so it is permissible to make its time a condition, unlike the prayer of travel.
Section: If he travels after the [prayer time] has entered, Ibn 'Aqil said: There are two narrations [in our school]. One of them is that he is permitted to shorten it. Ibn al-Mundhir said: Every scholar from whom we preserve knowledge has reached a consensus that he is permitted to shorten it. This is the position of Malik, al-Awza'i, al-Shafi'i, and the scholars of opinion, because he traveled before the departure of its time, similar to if he had traveled before it became mandatory. The second is that he is not permitted to shorten it, because it became mandatory for him while in residency, so it became binding upon him to complete it, as if he had traveled after the departure of its time or after entering into its opening takbir. It differs from what [happens] before the time [enters] because the prayer had not yet become mandatory for him.
275 - Issue: He said: (And if he joins with a resident [as an imam], while he is a traveler, he shall complete [the prayer]).
The summary of this is that whenever a traveler follows a resident [in prayer], it becomes mandatory for him to complete it, whether he catches the entire prayer, or [only] one rak'ah, or less. Al-Athram said: I asked Abu 'Abd Allah [Imam Ahmad] about a traveler who enters during the tashahhud of the residents? He said: 'He shall pray four [rak'ahs].' This was also narrated from Ibn 'Umar, Ibn 'Abbas, and a group of the Followers (Tabi'un). This is the position of al-Thawri, al-Awza'i, al-Shafi'i, Abu Thawr, and the scholars of opinion. Ishaq said: The traveler may shorten it, because it is a prayer that is permitted to be performed as two rak'ahs, so it does not increase by following [an imam], just like the dawn (fajr) prayer. Tawus, al-Sha'bi, and Tamim ibn Hadhlam said regarding a traveler who catches two rak'ahs of the resident's prayer: It suffices him. Al-Hasan said:
(6) In the original manuscript: "the time". (7) Omitted from M. (1) In A and M: "joins". (2) In A and M: "the resident". (3) Abu Salamah Tamim ibn Hadhlam al-Dabbi al-Kufi, from the companions of Ibn Mas'ud, and he lived at the same time as Abu Bakr and 'Umar, may Allah be pleased with them. Tahdhib al-Tahdhib 1/512.
