washing. 'Ata' said: A single washing is sufficient if they cleanse him. Ahmad said: It does not please me that he is washed [only] once, because the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: "Wash her three or five [times]." This is by way of dislike (karaha) rather than [a matter of] insufficiency, for the reason we have mentioned, and because the Prophet (peace be upon him) said regarding the muhrim (pilgrim in state of ihram) who was struck by his she-camel: "Wash him with water and lotus leaves," and he did not mention a number. Ibn 'Aqil said: It is possible that the intention is not considered, because the purpose is cleanliness, so it is akin to washing away an impurity. This is not correct, because if it were so, it would not be obligatory to wash one who is already clean, and it would be permissible to wash him with rose water and all other things that achieve cleanliness; rather, it is a ritual washing of devotion, akin to washing for janaba.
343 - Issue: He said: (He should dry him with a garment, and perfume his shrouds with incense.)
The sum of this is that when the washer finishes washing the deceased, he should dry him with a garment so that he does not dampen his shrouds. In the hadith of Umm Sulaym: "When you have finished with her, cast a clean garment over her." The Qadi mentioned in the hadith of Ibn 'Abbas regarding the washing of the Prophet (peace be upon him) that he said: They dried him with a garment. The meaning of perfuming his shrouds (tajmir) is to incense them with 'ud (aloeswood), which is done by leaving the 'ud on the fire in a censer, then perfuming the shroud with it until its fragrance permeates and makes it pleasant; this is done after rose water has been sprinkled upon it so that the scent clings to it. It has been narrated from Jabir that he said: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "If you incense the deceased, incense him three [times]." Abu Sa'id, Ibn 'Umar, and Ibn 'Abbas bequeathed that their shrouds be incensed with 'ud. Abu Hurayra said: The deceased should be incensed. [This is also] because this is the custom of the living person when washing and perfuming his garments, that he is perfumed with fragrance and 'ud, so likewise is the deceased.
(1) Previously mentioned its takhrij from the hadith of Ibn 'Abbas on page 376. (2) In [A]: "al-janaba" (the major ritual impurity). (1) Previously mentioned its takhrij on page 373. (2) 'Abd al-Razzaq recorded something similar on the authority of Hisham ibn 'Urwa, with the wording: The Prophet (peace be upon him) was wrapped in a hibara garment in which he had been dried. Al-Musannaf 3/422. (3) Recorded by Imam Ahmad in: Al-Musnad 3/331. (4) In [A] and [M]: "tajdid" (renewal).
بالغَسْلِ. قال عَطاءٌ: يُجْزِئُه غَسْلَةٌ واحِدَةٌ إنْ أنْقَوْه. وقال أحمدُ: لا يُعْجِبُنِى أن يُغَسَّلَ وَاحِدَةً؛ لأنَّ النَّبِىَّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- قال: "اغْسِلْنَها ثَلَاثًا، أوْ خَمْسًا". وهذا على سَبِيلِ الكَرَاهَةِ دُونَ الإِجْزَاءِ؛ لما ذَكَرْنَاهُ، ولأنَّ النَّبِىَّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- قال في المُحْرِمِ الذي وَقَصَتْهُ نَاقَتُه: "اغْسِلُوهُ بمَاءٍ وسِدْرٍ" (١). ولم يَذْكُرْ عَدَدًا. وقال ابنُ عَقِيلٍ: يَحْتَمِلُ أن لا تُعْتَبَرَ النِّيَّةُ؛ لأنَّ القَصْدَ التَّنْظِيفُ، فأشْبَهَ غَسْلَ النَّجَاسَةِ (٢)، ولا يصحُّ هذا؛ لأنَّه لو كان كذلك لَما وَجَبَ غَسْلُ مُتَنَظِّفٍ، ولَجازَ غَسْلُه بماءِ الوَرْدِ وسَائِرِ ما يَحْصُلُ به التَّنْظِيفُ، وإنَّما هو غُسْلُ تَعَبُّدٍ، أشْبَهَ غُسْلَ الجَنابةِ.
٣٤٣ - مسألة؛ قال: (ويُنَشِّفُه بِثَوْبٍ، ويُجَمِّرُ أَكْفَانَهُ)
وجُمْلَتُه أنَّه إذا فَرَغَ الغَاسِلُ من غَسْلِ المَيِّتِ، نَشَّفَهُ بِثَوْبٍ لئلَّا يَبُلَّ أكْفانَه، وفي حَدِيثِ أُمِّ سُلَيْمٍ: "فَإذَا فَرَغْتِ مِنْهَا، فَأَلْقِى عَلَيْهَا ثَوْبًا نَظِيفًا" (١). وذَكَرَ القاضي في حَدِيثِ ابنِ عَبَّاسٍ، في غُسْلِ النَّبِيِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- قال: فَجَفَّفُوهُ بِثَوْبٍ (٢). ومعنى تَجْمِيرِ أكْفانِه تَبْخِيرُها بالعُودِ، وهو أن يُتْرَكَ العُودُ على النَّارِ في مِجْمَرٍ، ثم يُبخَّرُ به الكَفَنُ حتى تَعْبَقَ رَائِحَتُه، ويَطِيبَ، ويكونُ ذلك بعد أن يُرَشَّ عليه مَاءُ الوَرْدِ، لِتَعْلَقَ الرَّائِحَةُ به. وقد رُوِىَ عن جابِرٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّه -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "إذا جَمَّرْتُمُ المَيِّتَ فَجَمِّرُوهُ ثَلَاثًا" (٣). وأوْصَى أبو سعيدٍ، وابنُ عمرَ، وابنُ عَبَّاسٍ أن تُجَمَّرَ أكْفانُهم بالعُودِ. وقال أبو هُرَيْرَةَ: يُجَمَّرُ الميِّتُ. ولأنَّ هذا عَادَةُ الحَىِّ عند غُسْلِه، وتَجْمِيرِ (٤) ثِيَابِه، أن يُجَمّرَ بالطِّيبِ والعُودِ، فكذلك المَيِّتُ.
(١) تقدم تخريجه من حديث ابن عباس في صفحة ٣٧٦.(٢) في أ: "الجنابة".(١) تقدم تخريجه في صفحة ٣٧٣.(٢) أخرج عبد الرزاق نحوه، عن هشام بن عروة، بلفظ: لف النبي -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- في ثوب حبرة جُفِّف فيه. المصنف ٣/ ٤٢٢.(٣) أخرجه الإِمام أحمد، في: المسند ٣/ ٣٣١.(٤) في أ، م: "وتجديد".
