those killed with him (17), and Ammar willed that he not be washed, saying: 'Bury me in my clothes, for I shall be an opponent [to those who killed me].' Ahmad said: 'The companions of the Battle of the Camel willed: "We will be martyrs tomorrow, so do not remove any garment from us, nor wash away any blood from us." And because he is a martyr of the battlefield, he resembles one killed by the infidels. This is the opinion of Abu Hanifah. Al-Shafi'i said in one of his two opinions: They are washed, because Asma' washed her son, Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr. The first [view] is better, for the reason we mentioned. As for Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr, he was captured and crucified, so he is like one who was killed unjustly, and he is not a martyr of the battlefield. As for the rebellious party (al-baghi), Al-Khiraqi said: Whoever is killed among them is washed, shrouded, and the funeral prayer is performed over him. It is possible to group them with the people of justice (ahl al-'adl), because there is no report transmitted to us regarding the washing of the people of the Battle of the Camel or [the Battle of] Siffin (19) from either side, and because they are numerous in the battlefield, so washing them is difficult, thus they resemble the people of justice. As for the prayer over the people of justice, it is possible that the prayer is not performed over them, because we have likened them to the martyrs of the battlefield of the polytheists regarding the washing, so it is the same for the prayer. It is also possible that the prayer is performed over them, because 'Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) performed the prayer over them.
Section: As for the one who is killed unjustly, or is killed defending his wealth, or his person, or his family (20), there are two narrations regarding him. One of them is that he is washed. Al-Khallal chose this, and it is the opinion of al-Hasan, and the school of al-Shafi'i and Malik, because his rank is lower than the rank of the martyr on the battlefield, so he resembles the one who dies of an abdominal ailment (al-mabtun) (21), and because killings of this type are not as frequent [as battlefield deaths], so it is not permissible to equate him with the martyrs (22) of the battlefield. The second [narration] is that he is
(17) See what al-Bayhaqi recorded in: The Chapter on what has been narrated regarding the one killed by the sword of oppression, from the Book of Funerals. Al-Sunan al-Kubra 4/17. (18) The Battle of the Camel took place between 'Ali and 'A'ishah, with whom were Talhah and al-Zubayr (may Allah be pleased with them). (19) Siffin: A place near al-Raqqah on the bank of the Euphrates from the western side. The Battle of Siffin took place between 'Ali and Mu'awiyah in the year thirty-seven. Mu'jam al-Buldan 3/402. (20) In manuscripts A and M: "and his family". (21) Al-mabtun: One whose stomach is afflicted with diarrhea, dropsy, or otherwise, and dies from it. (22) In manuscripts A and M: "martyr".
مَن قُتِلَ معه (١٧)، وعَمَّارٌ أوْصَى أن لا يُغَسَّلَ، وقال: ادْفِنُونِى في ثِيَابِى، فإنِّى مُخَاصِمٌ (١٧). قال أحمدُ: قد أوْصَى أصْحابُ الجَمَلِ (١٨): إَّنا مُسْتَشْهَدُونَ غَدًا، فلا تَنْزِعُوا عَنَّا ثَوْبًا، ولا تَغْسِلُوا عنَّا دَمًا. ولأنَّه شَهِيدُ المَعْرَكَةِ، أشْبَهَ قَتِيلَ الكُفَّارِ. وهذا قولُ أبي حنيفةَ. وقال الشَّافِعِىُّ، في أَحَدِ قَوْلَيْهِ: يُغَسَّلُونَ؛ لأنَّ أسْماءَ غَسَّلَتِ ابْنَها عبدَ اللهِ بنَ الزُّبَيْرِ. والأوَّلُ أوْلَى؛ لما ذَكَرْنَاهُ، وأمَّا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الزُّبَيْرِ فإنَّه أُخِذَ وصُلِبَ، فهو كالمَقْتُولِ ظُلْمًا، وليس بِشَهِيدِ المَعْرَكَةِ. وأمَّا الباغِى، فقال الْخِرَقِىُّ: مَنْ قُتِلَ منهم، غُسِّلَ، وكُفِّنَ، وصُلِّى عليه. ويَحْتَمِلُ إلْحاقَه بأهْلِ العَدْلِ؛ لأنَّه لم يُنْقَلْ إلينا غَسْلُ أهْلِ الجَمَلِ وصِفِّينَ (١٩) من الجَانِبَيْنِ، ولأنَّهم يَكْثُرُونَ في المُعْتَرَكِ، فيَشُقُّ غُسْلُهم، فأشْبَهُوا أهْلَ العَدْلِ. فأمَّا الصلاةُ على أهْلِ العَدْلِ، فيحتَمِلُ أنْ لا يُصَلَّى عليهم؛ لأنَّنا شَبَّهْناهم بِشُهَدَاءِ مَعْرَكَةِ المُشْرِكِينَ في الغُسْلِ، فكذلك في الصلاةِ، ويَحْتَمِلُ أن يُصَلَّى عليهم؛ لأنَّ عليًّا، رَضِىَ اللَّه عنه، صَلَّى عليهم.
فصل: فأمَّا مَن قُتِلَ ظُلْمًا، أو قُتِلَ دُونَ مالِه، أو دُونَ نَفْسِه أو أهْلِه (٢٠)، ففيه رِوَايتانِ: إحْدَاهما، يُغَسَّلُ. اخْتَارَها الخَلَّالُ، وهو قولُ الحسنِ، ومَذْهَبُ الشَّافِعِىِّ، ومالِكٍ؛ لأنَّ رُتْبَتَهُ دون رُتْبَة الشَّهِيدِ في المُعْتَرَكِ، فأشْبَهَ المَبْطُونَ (٢١)؛ ولأنَّ هذا لا يَكْثُرُ القَتْلُ فيه، فلم يَجُزْ إلْحاقُه بشُهَداءِ (٢٢) المُعْتَرَكِ. والثانية، لا
(١٧) انظر ما أخرجه البيهقي، في: باب ما ورد في المقتول بسيف البغى، من كتاب الجنائز. السنن الكبرى ٤/ ١٧.(١٨) كانت وقعة الجمل بين على وعائشة ومعها طلحة والزبير، رضى اللَّه عنهم.(١٩) صفين: موضع بقرب الرقة على شاطئ الفرات من الجانب الغربى، وكانت وقعة صفين بين على ومعاوية في سنة سبع وثلاثين. معجم البلدان ٣/ ٤٠٢.(٢٠) في أ، م: "وأهله".(٢١) المبطون: من اشتكى بطنه من إسهال أو استسقاء أو غيره فمات.(٢٢) في أ، م: "شهيد".
