and Hajj, and there is no basis for their claim to be considered (38). And Allah knows best.
396 - Issue; He said: (And it is disliked for women)
There is a difference of opinion in the narrations from Ahmad regarding women visiting graves. It is narrated from him that it is disliked (1); due to what Umm ‘Atiyyah narrated, saying: "We were forbidden from visiting graves, but it was not made firm/obligatory upon us." Extracted by Muslim (2). Also, because the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) said: "Allah has cursed the women who frequently visit graves" (3). Al-Tirmidhi said: This is a Hasan (sound) (4) Sahih (authentic) hadith. This is specific to women, and the abrogated prohibition was general for both men and women. It is possible that it was specific to men. It is also possible that the report concerning the cursing of women who visit graves came after the men were ordered to visit them, thus it alternated between prohibition and permissibility, so the least of its states is dislike (karahah). Furthermore, a woman has little patience and is prone to intense grief; her visiting a grave (5) stirs her sorrow and renews the memory of her affliction, so it is not safe that this might lead her to perform what is not permitted, unlike a man. This is why they are specifically noted for wailing and lamenting, and were specifically forbidden from shaving the head, striking the face (6), and the like. The second narration states: It is not disliked; due to the generality of his saying, peace be upon him: "I had forbidden you from visiting graves, so [now] visit them" (7). This indicates that the prohibition was prior and was abrogated, so both men and women fall under its generality. It is narrated from Ibn Abi Mulaykah that he said to ‘Aisha: O Mother of the Believers, from (8) where have you come? She said: From the grave of my brother, ‘Abd
(38) Dropped from: The original. (1) In M: "karahatiha" (its dislike). (2) Muslim did not narrate a hadith with this phrasing; rather, he extracted the hadith of Umm ‘Atiyyah regarding the prohibition of following funerals, and its extraction was previously mentioned on page 401. (3) Its extraction was previously mentioned on page 440. (4) Dropped from: A, M. (5) In the original: "al-qabr" (the grave). (6) Al-Salq (striking the face): refers to intense sound/wailing. (7) Its extraction was previously mentioned on page 517. (8) Dropped from: M.
والحَجِّ، وليسَ له أصْلٌ يُعْتَبَرُ به (٣٨)، واللهُ أعلمُ.
٣٩٦ - مسألة؛ قال: (وتُكْرَهُ لِلنِّسَاءِ)
اخْتَلَفَتِ الرِّوَايَةُ عن أحمدَ في زِيارةِ النِّسَاءِ القُبُورَ، فرُوِىَ عنه كَراهتُه (١)؛ لما رَوَتْ أُمُّ عَطِيَّةَ، قالت: نُهِينَا عن زِيَارَةِ القُبُورِ ولم يُعْزَمْ علينا. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ (٢). ولأنَّ النَّبِيَّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- قال: "لَعَنَ اللهُ زَوَّارَاتِ القُبُورِ" (٣). قال التِّرمِذِيُّ: هذا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ (٤) صَحِيحٌ. وهذا خَاصٌّ في النِّساءِ، والنَّهْيُ المَنْسُوخُ كان عَامًّا لِلرِّجَالِ والنِّساءِ. ويَحْتَمِلُ أنَّه كان خَاصًّا لِلرِّجالِ. ويَحْتَمِلُ أيضًا كَوْنَ الخَبَرِ في لَعْنِ زَوَّارَاتِ القُبُورِ، بعدَ أمْرِ الرِّجَالِ بِزِيارَتِها، فقد دارَ بين الحَظْرِ والإِباحَةِ، فأقَلُّ أَحْوَالِه الكَرَاهَةُ. ولأنَّ المَرْأَةَ قَلِيلَةُ الصَّبْرِ، كثيرةُ الجَزَعِ، وفي زِيارَتِها لِلْقَبْرِ (٥) تَهْيِيجٌ لِحُزْنِها، وتَجْدِيدٌ لِذِكْرِ مُصَابِها، فلا يُؤْمَنُ أن يُفْضِيَ بها ذلك إلى فِعْلِ ما لا يجوزُ، بِخِلَافِ الرَّجُلِ، ولهذا اخْتَصَصْنَ بالنَّوْحِ والتَّعْدِيدِ، وخُصِصْنَ بالنَّهْيِ عن الحَلْقِ والصَّلْقِ (٦) ونحوِهما. والرِّوَايَةُ الثَّانِيَةُ، لا يُكْرَهُ؛ لِعُمُومِ قَوْلِه عليه السَّلامُ: "كُنْتُ نَهَيْتُكُمْ عَنْ زِيَارَةِ القُبُورِ، فَزُورُوهَا" (٧). وهذا يَدُلُّ على سَبْقِ النَّهْيِ ونَسْخِهِ، فيَدْخُلُ في عُمُومِه الرِّجالُ والنِّساءُ. وَرُوِيَ عن ابنِ أبي مُلَيْكَةَ، أنَّه قال لعائشةَ: يا أُمَّ المُؤمنين، مِنْ (٨) أين أقْبَلْتِ؟ قالت: مِنْ قَبْرِ أخِي عبدِ
(٣٨) سقط من: الأصل.(١) في م: "كراهتها".(٢) لم يرو مسلم حديثًا بهذا اللفظ، إنما أخرج حديث أم عطية في النهي عن اتباع الجنائز، وقد تقدم تخريجه في صفحة ٤٠١.(٣) تقدم تخريجه في صفحة ٤٤٠.(٤) سقط من: أ، م.(٥) في الأصل: "القبر".(٦) الصلق: الصوت الشديد.(٧) تقدم تخريجه في صفحة ٥١٧.(٨) سقط من: م.