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Al-Mughni by Ibn Qudama - Edited by Al-Turki
Volume 3 · Page 56Section

Translation · EN

Ibn Aqil said: Our companions have permitted pulling a man to stand with him in a row, while he (Ibn Aqil) chose not to do so, because of the disposal over him without his permission. The correct view is the permissibility of that, because the need calls for it, so it is permitted, just like prostrating on one's back or foot in case of crowding. This is not a disposal over him; rather, it is alerting him to come out with him, so it runs in the course of asking him to pray with him. It has been narrated from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) that he said: "Be soft in the hands of your brothers," meaning that. If he refuses to come out with him, he does not force him and prays alone.

Section: Ahmad said: The Imam prays with a man standing and sitting, and he moves in front of them. He also said: If he leads two men, one of whom is not pure, the pure one follows him. This implies that he meant if the one who haddah (ritual impurity) knew of his hadath, then he left, the other follows if he was to the right of the Imam. If he was not to the right of the Imam, he becomes to his right, as we have mentioned. As for if he was behind him, and the one who haddah knew of his hadath, and they completed the prayer, it is not valid. If the one who haddah did not know of his hadath until the prayer was completed, it is valid, because if he were the Imam, the following would be valid, so it is more appropriate that his forming a row is valid.

Section: Whoever has a disbeliever stand with him, or someone whose prayer is not valid other than what we have mentioned, his forming a row is not valid, because his presence and absence are one and the same. If a sinner or someone performing a supererogatory prayer stands with him, it becomes a row, because both are men whose prayer is valid. Likewise, if a reader stands with one who is illiterate (ummi), or someone suffering from urinary incontinence with a healthy person, or someone performing tayammum with one who has performed wudu, they form a row, due to what we have mentioned. If a hermaphrodite (khuntha mushkil) stands with him, he does not constitute a row with him, except for those who permitted the standing of a woman with a man, because it is possible that he is a woman.

Notes

(29) In M: "the situation". (30) Narrated by Abu Dawood, in: Chapter on Straightening the Rows, from the Book of Prayer, Sunan Abi Dawood 1/154. And Imam Ahmad, in: Al-Musnad 2/98, 5/262. (31) In A: "two men". (32) In the original: "and whoever".

Arabic (Source)

قال ابنُ عَقِيلٍ: جَوَّزَ أصْحابُنا جَذْبَ رَجُلٍ يقومُ معه صَفًّا، واخْتَارَ هو أن لا يَفْعَلَ، لما فيه من التَّصَرُّفِ فيه بغيرِ إذْنِه. والصَّحِيحُ جَوَازُ ذلك؛ لأن الحاجَةَ (٢٩) دَاعِيَةٌ إليه، فجازَ، كالسُّجُودِ على ظَهْرِه أو قَدَمِه حالَ الزِّحَامِ، وليس هذا تَصَرُّفًا فيه، إنَّما هو تَنْبيهٌ له لِيَخْرُجَ معه، فجَرَى مَجْرَى مَسْأَلتِه أن يُصَلِّىَ معه؛ وقد رُوِىَ عن النَّبِيِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- أنَّه قال: "لِينُوا في أَيْدى إخْوَانِكمْ" (٣٠). يُرِيدُ ذلك. فإنْ امْتَنَعَ من الخُرُوجِ معه لم يُكْرِهْهُ وصَلَّى وَحْدَه.

فصل: قال أحْمدُ: يُصَلِّى الإِمامُ بِرَجُلٍ قائِمٍ وقَاعِدٍ ويَتَقَدَّمُهما. وقال: إذا أمَّ برجُلَيْن (٣١) أحَدُهما غيرُ طَاهِرٍ، ائْتَمَّ الطاهِرُ معه. وهذا يَحْتَمِلُ أنَّه أرَادَ إذا عَلِمَ المُحْدِثُ بِحَدَثِه، فخَرَجَ، ائْتَمَّ الآخَرُ إن كان عن يَمِينِ الإِمامِ، وإن لم يكن عن يَمينِه صارَ عن يَمينِه، كما ذَكَرْنَا. فأمَّا إنْ كان خَلْفَه، وعَلِمَ المُحْدِثُ، فأتَمَّا الصلاةَ، لم تَصِحَّ. وإن لم يَعْلَم المُحْدِثُ بِحَدَثِه حتَّى تَمَّتِ الصلاةُ، صَحَّتْ؛ لأنَّه لو كان إمَامًا صَحَّ الائْتِمَامُ به، فلأنْ تَصِحَّ مُصَافَّتُه أوْلَى.

فصل: ومن وَقَفَ معه كافِرٌ، أو مَن لا تَصِحُّ صلاتُه غيرَ ما ذَكَرْنا، لم تَصِحَّ مُصَافَّتُه؛ لأنَّ وُجُودَه وعَدَمَه وَاحِدٌ. وإن وَقَفَ معه فاسِقٌ، أو مُتَنَفِّلٌ، صارَ صَفًّا؛ لأنَّهما رَجُلَانِ صَلَاتُهما صَحِيحَةٌ، وكذلك لو وَقَفَ قارِئٌ مع أُمِّىٍّ، أو مَن (٣٢) به سَلَسُ البَوْلِ مع صَحِيحٍ، أو مُتَيَمِّمٌ مع مُتَوَضِّىءٍ، كانا صَفًّا؛ لما ذَكَرْنا. فإنْ وَقَفَ معه خُنْثَى مُشْكِلٌ، لم يكنْ صَفًّا معه، إلَّا مَن أجازَ وُقُوفَ المَرْأَةِ مع الرَّجُلِ؛ لأنَّه يَحْتَمِلُ أن يكونَ امْرَأةً.

Notes

(٢٩) في م: "الحالة".(٣٠) أخرجه أبو داود، في: باب تسوية الصفوف، من كتاب الصلاة. سنن أبي داود ١/ ١٥٤. والإمام أحمد، في: المسند ٢/ ٩٨، ٥/ ٢٦٢.(٣١) في أ: "رجلين".(٣٢) في الأصل: "ومن".

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