anyone who possesses real estate and finds sufficiency through its rent. And if he does not spend on her, and that becomes impossible, it is permissible to give it to her, just as if the utility of the real estate is obstructed. Ahmad has explicitly stated this.
431 - Issue: He said: (And he shall not give except to the eight categories that Allah the Exalted has named)
He means the statement of Allah the Exalted: "Zakah expenditures are only for the poor and for the needy and for those employed to collect [Zakah] and for bringing hearts together [for Islam] and for freeing captives [or slaves] and for those in debt and for the cause of Allah and for the [stranded] traveler" (1). Al-Khiraqi has mentioned them in another place, so we shall delay the explanation of them until then. Ziyad ibn al-Harith al-Suda'i narrated that he came to the Prophet (peace be upon him) and pledged allegiance to him. He said: A man came to him and said: "Give me from the Sadaqah (charity)." The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said to him: "Allah was not satisfied with the judgment of a prophet or anyone else regarding the Sadaqat until He judged them Himself (2), and He divided them into eight parts. If you are among those parts, I will give you your right." Narrated by Abu Dawud (3). And the rulings for all of them (4) remain. This is also the view of al-Hasan, al-Zuhri, and Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn 'Ali. Al-Sha'bi, Malik, al-Shafi'i, and the jurists (Ashab al-Ra'y) said: The share of those whose hearts are to be reconciled was cut off after the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), for Allah the Exalted has strengthened Islam and made it independent of needing men to be reconciled to it, so no polytheist is given anything for reconciliation under any circumstances. They said: This has also been narrated from 'Umar, may Allah be pleased with him. Our evidence is the Book of Allah and the Sunnah of His Messenger; for Allah the Exalted named the reconciled as one of the categories for whom He designated the Sadaqah, and the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: "Allah the Exalted judged them and divided them into eight parts." He used to give much to those whose hearts are to be reconciled (5), in well-known reports, and he continued to do so until he died, and it is not permitted to abandon
(1) Surah Al-Tawbah 60. (2) From: The original manuscript and Sunan Abi Dawud. (3) In: The chapter on those to whom Sadaqah may be given and the limit of wealth, from the Book of Zakat. Sunan Abi Dawud 1/378, 379. (4) In M: "all of them" (feminine). (5) Omitted from A, B, and M.
مَن له عَقَارٌ يَسْتَغْنِى بأُجْرَتِه. وإن لم يُنْفِقْ عليها، وتَعَذَّرَ ذلك، جازَ الدَّفْعُ إليها، كما لو تَعَطَّلَتْ مَنْفَعَةُ العَقَارِ. وقد نَصَّ أحمدُ على هذا.
٤٣١ - مسألة؛ قال: (ولا يُعْطِي إلَّا الثَّمَانِيَةَ الأصْنَاف الَّتِي سَمَّى اللهُ تعَالَى)
يَعْنِي قَوْلَ اللهِ تعالى: {إِنَّمَا الصَّدَقَاتُ لِلْفُقَرَاءِ وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَالْعَامِلِينَ عَلَيْهَا وَالْمُؤَلَّفَةِ قُلُوبُهُمْ وَفِي الرِّقَابِ وَالْغَارِمِينَ وَفِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ} (١) وقد ذَكَرَهُم الْخِرَقِيُّ في مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ، فَنُؤَخِّرُ شَرْحَهم إليه. وقد رَوَى زِيادُ بنُ الحارِثِ الصُّدَائِيُّ. قال: أتَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-، فبَايَعْتُه. قال: فأتاهُ رَجُلٌ فقال: أعْطِنِي من الصَّدَقَةِ. فقال له رسولُ اللهِ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-: "إنَّ اللهَ لَمْ يَرْضَ بِحُكْمِ نَبِيٍّ ولا غَيْرِهِ فِي الصَّدَقَاتِ، حَتَّى حَكَمَ فيها هُوَ (٢)، فَجَزَّأَهَا ثَمَانِيَةَ أجْزَاءٍ، فَإنْ كُنْتَ مِنْ تِلْكَ الأجْزَاءِ أعْطَيْتُكَ حَقَّكَ". رَوَاهُ أبو دَاوُدُ (٣). وأحْكَامُهم كلُّهم (٤) بَاقِيَةٌ. وبهذا قال الحسنُ، والزُّهْرِيُّ، وأبو جعفرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليٍّ. وقال الشَّعْبِيُّ، ومَالِكٌ، والشَّافِعِيُّ، وأصْحابُ الرَّأْيِ: انْقَطَعَ سَهْمُ المُؤَلَّفَةِ بعدَ رسولِ اللهِ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-، وقد أعَزَّ اللَّه تعالى الإسلامَ وأغْناهُ عن أن يُتَأَلَّفَ عليه رِجَالٌ، فلا يُعْطَى مُشْرِكٌ تَأَلُّفًا بحَالٍ. قالوا: وقد رُوِيَ هذا عن عمرَ، رضِيَ اللَّه عنه. ولَنا، كتابُ اللهِ وسُنَّةُ رَسُولِه؛ فإنَّ اللَّه تعالى سَمَّى المُؤَلَّفَةَ في الأصْنافِ الذين سَمَّى الصَّدَقَة لهم، والنَّبِيُّ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- قال: "إنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى حَكَمَ فِيها، فجَزَّأَهَا ثَمَانِيَةَ أجْزَاءٍ". وكان يُعْطِي المُؤَلَّفَة قُلوبُهم (٥) كَثِيرًا، في أخْبَارٍ مَشْهُورَةٍ، ولم يَزَلْ كذلك حتى ماتَ، ولا يجوزُ تَرْكُ
(١) سورة التوبة ٦٠.(٢) من: الأصل، وسنن أبى داود.(٣) في: باب من يعطى من الصدقة وحدّ الغنى، من كتاب الزكاة. سنن أبي داود ١/ ٣٧٨، ٣٧٩.(٤) في م: "كلها".(٥) سقط من: أ، ب، م.
